In an endemic area on Lake Volta, Ghana, urinary blood and protein levels as determined by chemical reagent strips in persons infected with Schistosoma haematobium, particularly in children aged between 5 and 14, correlated positively with urinary egg counts. Geometric mean S haematobium egg counts were 10 or more times higher in urine specimens with at least 10 mg/dl of protein and detectable haematuria than in those without detectable blood or protein. Chemical reagent strips were both specific and sensitive for detection of urinary blood associated with S haematobium infection. This simple technique could be useful for screening entire populations in which urinary schistosomiasis is endemic so that heavily infected persons needing specific treatment can be identified.