World Kidney ForumCKD and Poverty: A Growing Global Challenge
Section snippets
Poverty and its Impact on CKD/ESRD
Poverty can be defined in numerous ways. Many countries have individual poverty lines related to average income and identify the numbers of those living below these thresholds. Absolute poverty is classified by the World Bank as less than $1/d or $2/d.6 In developed countries, a measure of relative poverty is more usual, eg, the European Union defines this as an income less than 60% of the median income of the society.6, 7 Approximately 1.2 billion people in the world live in extreme poverty
Poverty and its Impact on CKD Modifiable Risk Factors
CKD is a complex and often progressive condition that leads to both CVD and ESRD. In addition to the underlying susceptibility to CKD, some risk factors have a role in the initiation of kidney damage, whereas others are implicated in the progression of established CKD to ESRD.
A number of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been associated with the development and progression of CKD. Race, ethnicity, and genetics have major impacts on susceptibility to CKD. Of the modifiable factors
Conclusions
The global increase in and awareness of CKD has prompted considerable interest in its early detection, prevention, and management. It also has focused minds on risk markers and factors involved in the initiation and progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. A number of factors have been identified, primarily hypertension and diabetes. However, little attention has been given to date to the fact that these 2 major predisposing factors may be linked to social deprivation and
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