Trends in Parasitology
Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report
Section snippets
Brief history of anthelmintic resistance
The initial reports of anthelmintic resistance were to the drug phenothiazine in the late 1950s and early 1960s, first in Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) of sheep [3] and then in cyathostomins (small strongyles) of horses 4, 5, 6. In 1961, thiabendazole was introduced as the first anthelmintic that combined efficacious broad-spectrum nematocide activity with low toxicity. The rapid acceptance and widespread use of thiabendazole and then other benzimidazole anthelmintics marked the
Anthelmintic resistance in cattle, horses and humans
Less attention has been given to the problem of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomin nematodes of horses (now considered the principal parasitic pathogen of adult horses), although several studies have reported a prevalence of resistance to benzimidazole drugs greater than 75% [14]. Resistance to pyrantel (tetrahydropyrimidine class) appears to be much less common, but a recent study in southern USA found that over 40% of farms demonstrated resistance to this drug [34]. Interestingly, there
Implications of anthelmintic resistance
The serious problem of anthelmintic resistance is easily appreciated. But what can be done about it? Beginning with phenothiazine in the 1950s, followed by the benzimidazoles in the 1960s, the imidazothiazole–tetrahydropyrimidines in the 1970s and the avermectin–milbemycins in the 1980s, a new class of anthelmintics was introduced into the marketplace each decade. This arsenal of highly effective and relatively inexpensive drugs led to recommendations for parasite control that were based almost
Perspective
It is unlikely that development of new anthelmintics will rescue livestock producers from the inevitable losses in productivity and problems of animal welfare that result from a failure to control MDR worms adequately. Therefore, sincere efforts must be made to preserve the efficacy of the few drugs that remain effective. Now and in the future, anthelmintics must be thought of as highly valuable and limited resources to be preserved. The only realistic strategy for sustainable nematode parasite
References (61)
Population biology of parasitic nematodes: applications of genetic markers
Adv. Parasitol.
(1998)Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes: extent, recent understanding and future directions for control and research
Int. J. Parasitol.
(1990)Anthelmintic resistance in sheep
Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract.
(1986)Historical perspective of cyathostomes: prevalence, treatment and control programs
Vet. Parasitol.
(1999)International approaches to the concept of integrated control of nematode parasites of livestock
Int. J. Parasitol.
(1999)The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in southern Latin America: Uruguay
Vet. Parasitol.
(1996)The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in southern Latin America: Brazil
Vet. Parasitol.
(1996)The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in southern Latin America: Argentina
Vet. Parasitol.
(1996)The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in southern Latin America: Paraguay
Vet. Parasitol.
(1996)Resistance to therapeutic treatment with macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in Ostertagia circumcincta
Vet. Parasitol.
(2002)
Cyclooctadepsipeptides – an anthelmintically active class of compounds exhibiting a novel mode of action
Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents
Pharmacology of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes: will it occur with the avermectin/milbemycins?
Vet. Parasitol.
Molecular analysis of the [beta]-tubulin gene of human hookworms as a basis for possible benzimidazole resistance on Pemba Island
Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
Failure of pyrantel in treatment of human hookworm infections (Ancylostoma duodenale) in the Kimberley region of North West Australia
Acta Trop.
The molecular nature of benzimidazole resistance in helminths
Parasitol. Today
Nematode parasite control of livestock in the tropics/subtropics: the need for novel approaches
Int. J. Parasitol.
Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole – occurrence of field strains
Res. Vet. Sci.
Identification and characterization of a pyrantel pamoate resistant cyathostome population
Vet. Parasitol.
Host movement and the genetic structure of populations of parasitic nematodes
Genetics
Strain variation in the response of sheep nematodes to the action of phenothiazine: II. Studies on pure infections of Haemonchus contortus
Am. J. Vet. Res.
Phenothiazine and piperazine, an efficient anthelmintic mixture for horses
Vet. Rec.
Some experiences with small daily doses of phenothiazine as a means of control of strongylid worms in the horse
Vet. Rec.
Preliminary observations on the resistance of horse strongyles to phenothiazine
J. Parasitol.
Variance in effectiveness of thiabendazole against Haemonchus contortus in sheep
Am. J. Vet. Res.
Field studies on parasite control in sheep: comparison of thiabendazole, ruelene, and phenothiazine
Am. J. Vet. Res.
Drug resistance in nematodes
The problem of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes
Aust. Vet. J.
Anthelmintic drug resistance in the UK
Vet. Rec.
Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses
Vet. Res.
Anthelmintic resistance in strongyles of equids
Cited by (965)
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) reduces cyathostomin egg excretion and larval development in grazing horses
2024, International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug ResistanceInvestigating the perceived versus actual gastrointestinal nematode challenge on extensive sheep farms
2024, Veterinary ParasitologyBenzimidazole F167Y polymorphism in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum: Widespread geographic, seasonal, age, and breed distribution in United States and Canada dogs
2024, International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug ResistanceA systematic review and meta-analysis on the current status of anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: A global perspective
2024, Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyImpaired efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin against intestinal nematodes in adult horses in Iran
2024, Research in Veterinary Science