Platinum Priority – Review – Bladder CancerEditorial by Marko Babjuk on pp. 109–110 of this issueBladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends
Introduction
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 430 000 new cases in 2012. More than 60% of all bladder cancer cases and half of all the 165 000 bladder cancer deaths occur in the less developed regions of the world. A strong male predominance is observed with three-quarters of all bladder cancer cases occurring in men [1].
While differences in the prevalence of tobacco smoking, the main risk factor for the disease [2], [3], explain much of these geographical and sex disparities worldwide, infection with Schistosoma haematobium reflects the high burden of the disease in parts of Northern and sub-Saharan Africa [4]. Equally, the scale of bladder cancer incidence can be greatly affected by registration practices with respect to the inclusion of noninvasive bladder tumours and multiple tumours of the urinary tract, as part of routine reporting [5].
This paper provides an overview of the most recent bladder cancer incidence and mortality patterns and trends using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series (CI5), GLOBOCAN, and World Health Organisation (WHO) Mortality databases held at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We review the current understanding of the aetiology of the disease and the specific issues that govern registration and reporting of bladder cancer and how differences in such practices may impact the comparison of cancer incidence statistics.
Section snippets
Data sources
Regional and national bladder cancer incidence data and corresponding populations were extracted from the CI5 series online [6]. CI5 is the main source of global cancer incidence data provided by population-based cancer registries worldwide. The quality of data submitted to CI5 is evaluated by a rigorous editorial process, ensuring that compiled datasets reach the highest levels of validity, completeness, and comparability [7]. Beginning over 50 yr ago, the latest (10th) volume presents data
World
According to GLOBOCAN estimates, about 430 000 new bladder cancer cases and 165 000 bladder cancer deaths occurred worldwide in 2012, with 75% of the total burden occurring in men (Table 1). Substantial geographic variations can be observed, with 55% of all bladder cancer cases and 43% of bladder cancer deaths occurring in 20% of the world population living in very high Human Development Index (HDI) countries. In comparison, only 5% of the total bladder cancer burden occurred in low HDI
Conclusions
In this study, we presented the most recent patterns and trends of bladder cancer worldwide, observing the highest incidence rates of disease in countries with very high levels of human development in Europe and Northern America, but also, likely for differing reasons, in parts of Northern Africa and Western Asia. The burden was greater in men, yet diverging incidence trends by sex were observed in some countries, with rate declines in men and increases in women. Overall, bladder cancer
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