Social cognitive theory of self-regulation

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Abstract

In social cognitive theory human behavior is extensively motivated and regulated by the ongoing exercise of self-influence. The major self-regulative mechanism operates through three principal subfunctions. These include self-monitoring of one's behavior, its determinants, and its effects; judgment of one's behavior in relation to personal standards and environmental circumstances; and affective self-reaction. Self-regulation also encompasses the self-efficacy mechanism, which plays a central role in the exercise of personal agency by its strong impact on thought, affect, motivation, and action. The same self-regulative system is involved in moral conduct although compared to the achievement domain, in the moral domain the evaluative standards are more stable, the judgmental factors more varied and complex, and the affective self-reactions more intense. In the interactionist perspective of social cognitive theory, social factors affect the operation of the self-regulative system.

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Portions of this article contain revised and expanded material from the book Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory (1986, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall) and from a chapter that originally appeared as “Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-regulatory mechanisms,” in R. A. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation (1991, Vol. 38, Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press).