N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | |
Gender of HCP | |||||
Male | 93 (15.4) | Reference | |||
Female | 511 (84.6) | 1.03 (0.65 to 1.63) | 0.89 | ||
Age (years)* | |||||
18 to <30 | 114 (18.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
30 to <40 | 295 (48.8) | 1.52 (0.97 to 2.36) | 0.07 | 1.73 (1.06 to 2.83) | 0.03 |
40 to <50 | 132 (21.9) | 1.56 (0.93 to 2.62) | 0.09 | 1.73 (0.98 to 3.05) | 0.06 |
50 and older | 63 (10.4) | 1.01 (0.54 to 1.87) | 0.99 | 1.47 (0.74 to 2.89) | 0.27 |
Current role | |||||
Doctor | 40 (6.6) | Reference | |||
Nurse | 186 (30.8) | 1.23 (0.60 to 2.50) | 0.57 | ||
Midwife | 243 (40.2) | 0.89 (0.45 to 1.77) | 0.74 | ||
Village midwife | 135 (22.4) | 1.28 (0.62 to 2.68) | 0.51 | ||
Years in role | |||||
Between 2 and <5 | 88 (14.6) | Reference | |||
<2 | 35 (5.8) | 0.90 (0.40 to 2.01) | 0.80 | ||
5 or more years | 481 (79.6) | 1.10 (0.69 to 1.76) | 0.70 | ||
Involvement in RI or COVID-19 immunisation*† | |||||
Neither RI or COVID-19 immunisation | 39 (6.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
Just RI | 95 (15.7) | 1.68 (0.79 to 3.55) | 0.18 | 2.14 (0.94 to 4.90) | 0.07 |
Just COVID-19 immunisation | 181 (29.9) | 2.13 (1.06 to 4.29) | 0.03 | 2.54 (1.08 to 5.94) | 0.03 |
Both RI and COVID-19 immunisation | 289 (47.9) | 2.46 (1.25 to 4.83) | 0.009 | 2.42 (1.06 to 5.52) | 0.03 |
Self-efficacy* | |||||
Moderate | 198 (32.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
High | 406 (67.2) | 0.71 (0.50 to 1.02) | 0.07 | 0.83 (0.56 to 1.23) | 0.35 |
Perception of increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 in workplace* | |||||
No | 39 (6.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 565 (93.5) | 2.20 (1.14 to 4.22) | 0.02 | 1.76 (0.88 to 3.52) | 0.11 |
Treated poorly in workplace during COVID-19 pandemic* | |||||
No/Not sure | 391 (64.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 213 (35.3) | 2.62 (1.79 to 3.82) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.51 to 3.38) | <0.001 |
Stockouts of COVID-19 vaccines (n=592)*‡ | |||||
No/Not sure | 378 (63.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 214 (36.1) | 1.69 (1.18 to 2.42) | 0.01 | 1.29 (0.86 to 1.92) | 0.21 |
Heard worrying information about COVID-19 vaccine | |||||
No | 379 (62.7) | Reference | |||
Yes | 225 (37.3) | 1.13 (0.80 to 1.59) | 0.50 | ||
Confidence to respond to patient questions about COVID-19 vaccine* | |||||
Very confident | 382 (63.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Not at all/A little confident/Moderately | 222 (36.7) | 1.36 (0.96 to 1.93) | 0.09 | 1.51 (1.03 to 2.22) | 0.04 |
Concerned about getting COVID-19 | |||||
Not at all/A little/Moderately concerned | 373 (61.8) | Reference | |||
Very concerned | 231 (38.2) | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.41) | 0.99 | ||
Delivering COVID-19 vaccines has taken away from other priorities* | |||||
Did not deliver COVID-19 vaccine | 72 (11.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
Not at all/Slightly | 407 (67.4) | 1.29 (0.78 to 2.13) | 0.33 | 0.79 (0.39 to 1.59) | 0.51 |
Moderately/Very | 125 (20.7) | 2.65 (1.42 to 4.94) | 0.01 | 1.27 (0.56 to 2.91) | 0.57 |
Number of service disruptions experienced* | |||||
3 or less | 299 (49.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
4 or more | 305 (50.5) | 1.52 (1.09 to 2.13) | 0.01 | 1.20 (0.82 to 1.75) | 0.34 |
Number of vaccination strategies to overcome disruptions experienced* | |||||
3 or less | 309 (51.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
4 or more | 295 (48.8) | 1.59 (1.14 to 2.22) | 0.01 | 1.29 (0.87 to 1.89) | 0.18 |
*Variable included in multivariable analysis due to bivariate results or known association to outcome.
†This variable only looks at routine immunisation and COVID-19 immunisation. Participants may have also been involved in other maternal and child health services (table 1).
‡This variable excludes participants whose place of work did not stock COVID-19 vaccines (n=12).
HCP, healthcare provider; RI, routine immunisation.