Thematic changes over time
| Theme | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 |
| Trust and satisfaction | Negative* | Negative | Less | Less | Less |
| Governance actors | Complex† | Complex | Complex | Complex | Complex |
| Response planning and implementation | Very inadequate‡ | Inadequate | Inadequate | Inadequate | Inadequate |
| Reliance on social media for COVID-19 information | Consistent | Consistent | Consistent | Consistent | Consistent |
| Public adherence§ and vaccine acceptance | Low | Increased | Increased | Increased | Low¶ |
*Strongly negative in government-controlled area (GCA).
†High complexity of actors in opposition-controlled area (OCA) and high fragmentation in Autonomous Administration-controlled area (AACA).
‡Lack of transparency in GCA in all rounds.
§Increased adherence reported but fluctuated between COVID-19 waves.
¶Considerable pressure to take the vaccine was reported in OCA.