Table 4

Results of multivariate regression for the level of government spending on PHC (2019 or latest figure)

Predictors	Outcome: Log(Government spending on PHC per capita) (1)			Outcome: Log(Total spending on PHC per capita) (2)
	Effect size	95% CI	p-value	Effect size	95% CI	P value
Government health spending as % of general government spending †	0.07*	(0.01,0.13)	0.02	0.02	(−0.02,0.05)	0.31
Ln(GDP per capita)	1.01**	(0.82,1.21)	<0.01	0.84**	(0.67,1.01)1	<0.01
Tax revenue including social contribution as % of GDP†	0.04**	(0.01,0.06)	0.01	0.02*	(0.00,0.04)	0.04
% of young people (<15 years old)†	−0.02	(−0.00,0.04)	0.11	<0.01	(−0.02,0.02)	0.89
% of elderly (>65 years old)†	0.03	(−0.07,0.01)	0.30	0.01	(−0.02,0.05)	0.37
% of urban population†	<0.01	(−0.01,0.01)	0.30	−0.01	(−0.01,0.01)	0.61
Gini (latest figure)	<0.01	(−0.01,0.01)	0.64	0.01	(−0.00,0.01)	0.31
Control of corruption	0.30⁺	(−0.01,0.61)	0.05	0.33*	(0.07,0.58)	0.01
Rule of law	−0.44	(−1.07,0.19)	0.17	−0.26	(−0.61,0.09)	0.15
Regulatory quality	−0.15	(−0.55,0.24)	0.44	0.30⁺	(−0.05,0.65)	0.15
Government effectiveness	0.16	(−0.38,0.70)	0.57	−0.38⁺	(−0.80,0.05)	0.08
Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism	0.06	(−0.17,0.28)	0.62	−0.06	(−0.22,0.09)	0.42
Voice and accountability	0.24⁺	(−0.02,0.50)	0.08	0.12	(−0.09,0.32)	0.27
Constant	−7.31**	(−8.97 to to 5.64)	<0.01	−3.14**	(−4.32 to to 1.95)	<0.01
Number of observations	102			102
R-squared	0.96			0.95

+ p<0.10, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.
†All variables in percentages are coded in 0 to 100 number formats to ease their interpretation.
PHC, primary healthcare.