Table 2

Adjusted ORs of socioeconomic demographic factors associated with household food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea PNGIMR’s CHESS, 2021

Socioeconomic demographic factorCategoryNoPercentageAdjusted ORLower boundUpper boundSig.
Urban–rural sectorUrban48519.30.2860.2120.3840.000
Rural202280.7Ref.
Age group (in year)0–41646.51.7520.9703.1640.063
5–1459123.62.2011.3233.6590.002
15–2444117.62.0121.1973.3850.008
25–3437615.02.0541.2113.4850.008
35–4433913.52.2431.3173.8230.003
45–5427210.81.7801.0263.0890.040
55–641435.72.6891.4834.8760.001
65–1011817.2Ref.
No of men of working age, 15–64 years living in household01767.00.2000.1060.3740.000
183733.40.4920.3510.6910.000
265926.30.7460.5341.0420.086
335614.20.7090.4911.0230.066
425310.10.7040.4731.0490.084
5+2269.0Ref.
Household wealth quintilePoorest25710.31.7821.2932.4540.000
Poor37615.01.4001.0281.9060.033
Middle48219.21.2710.9701.6670.082
Rich62625.01.1240.8731.4450.365
Richest76630.6Ref.
Income per fortnight among population of working age 15–64 years (1 PNG Kina=US$0.28)None1746.90.7060.4231.1770.182
1–10066526.51.4851.0402.1210.030
101–20044017.61.5041.0322.1900.033
201–40044017.61.1380.7771.6680.507
401–60034313.71.5461.0452.2860.029
601–8002238.91.2770.8291.9670.268
800+2228.9Ref.
Highest education attainment among population finished school age, 25 years and aboveElementary (grades 1–2)120.54.1311.20514.1650.024
Primary (grades 3–8)79531.71.5261.0922.1320.013
Secondary (grades 9–10)103741.41.2680.9171.7520.151
secondary (grades 11–12)2228.91.2110.7931.8480.375
training1817.21.3110.8412.0430.232
University +26010.4Ref.
Valid2507100.0
Missing35 373
Total37 880
  • CHESS, Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System; PNGIMR, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research.