Baseline characteristics of participating women, health workers and observations by group and country
| Variables | Bangladesh | Ghana | Tanzania | |||
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | |
| % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Interviewed women | N=126 | N=169 | N=210 | N=171 | N=86 | N=88 |
| Age in years | ||||||
| Less than 20 | 32.5 | 17.8 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 17.6 | 17.1 |
| 20–34 | 60.3 | 76.3 | 71.9 | 72.5 | 69.4 | 73.9 |
| 35 o more | 7.1 | 5.9 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 12.9 | 9.1 |
| Education level | ||||||
| Primary incomplete/no schooling | 31.0 | 30.8 | 34.3 | 32.8 | 5.9 | 12.5 |
| Primary complete | 44.4 | 36.6 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 68.2 | 69.3 |
| Middle/secondary | 24.6 | 32.5 | 35.2 | 38.6 | 18.8 | 17.1 |
| Post-secondary education | NA | NA | 5.2 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 1.1 |
| Number of deliveries (including this one) | ||||||
| 1 | 50.8 | 53.9 | 32.4 | 30.4 | 42.6 | 39.8 |
| 2–3 | 42.1 | 39.1 | 47.6 | 42.7 | 36.5 | 42.1 |
| 4 or more | 7.1 | 7.1 | 20.0 | 26.9 | 21.2 | 18.2 |
| Interviewed health workers | N=53 | N=105 | N=44 | N=42 | N=41 | N=40 |
| Age in years | ||||||
| <30 | 20.8 | 16.2 | 40.9 | 45.2 | 26.8 | 45.0 |
| 30 and<40 | 34.0 | 47.6 | 29.5 | 26.2 | 36.6 | 27.5 |
| ≥40 | 45.3 | 36.2 | 29.5 | 28.6 | 36.6 | 27.5 |
| Professional role | ||||||
| Nurse | 47.2 | 63.8 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 29.3 | 25.0 |
| Midwife | 3.8 | 1.9 | 65.9 | 73.8 | 43.9 | 30.0 |
| Doctor | 32.1 | 26.7 | 4.5 | 7.1 | 17.1 | 27.5 |
| Other | 17.0 | 7.6 | 11.4 | 4.8 | 9.8 | 17.5 |
| Number of years in current position | ||||||
| ≤5 | 67.9 | 57.2 | 25.0 | 16.7 | 87.8 | 75.0 |
| >5–10 | 5.7 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 16.7 | 4.9 | 10.0 |
| >10 | 26.4 | 33.3 | 65.9 | 66.7 | 7.3 | 15.0 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 66.0 | 77.1 | 88.6 | 81.0 | 78.1 | 65.0 |
| Male | 34.0 | 22.9 | 11.4 | 19.0 | 21.9 | 35.0 |
| Observations during labour and childbirth | n=167 | n=221 | n=76 | n=58 | n=65 | n=55 |
| Level of healthcare facility | ||||||
| Health centre | 53.9 | 58.6 | 14.5 | 17.2 | 27.7 | 41.8 |
| Hospital | 46.1 | 41.4 | 85.5 | 82.8 | 72.3 | 58.2 |
| Day of the week | ||||||
| Monday to Friday | 74.7 | 71.0 | 65.8 | 75.9 | 67.7 | 72.7 |
| Saturday or Sunday | 25.3 | 29.0 | 34.2 | 25.1 | 32.3 | 27.3 |
| Moment of arrival | ||||||
| Day | 66.1 | 60.5 | 47.4 | 46.5 | 64.6 | 50.9 |
| Night | 33.6 | 37.4 | 43.4 | 41.4 | 35.4 | 49.1 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 9.2 | 12.1 | 0 | – |
| Maternal age in years | ||||||
| Less than 20 | 18.6 | 17.6 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 18.5 | 12.7 |
| 20–34 | 77.3 | 76.6 | 63.2 | 56.9 | 67.7 | 72.7 |
| 35 or more | 4.2 | 5 | 15.8 | 25.9 | 0 | 0 |
Bangladesh did not measure postsecondary education as a separate category; the highest education level category was intermediate/secondary or higher.