Table 4

List of cancer symptoms provided by participants categorised into external and internal groups

CategoryIncluded symptoms in SwahiliApproximate English translations
1. External bodily illnessesUvimbe
Uvimbe kwenye chuchu
Vidonda
Kuwa na vidonda
Kidonda kisichopona
Kidonda kikubwa
Kidonda kuoza
Vidonda vinavyotoa maji
Nywele kunyonyoka
Swelling
Swelling on the nipple
Wounds
Having wounds
Wounds that do not heal
Large wound
Rotting wound
Wounds with fluid
Hair falling out
2. Internal bodily illnessesHoma
Homa za mara kwa mara
Kuvurugika au kunyong’onyea kwa mwili
Kukosa nguvu
Mwili kudhoofu
Maradhi ya mara kwa mara
Kukonda/Kupungua mwili
Kuishiwa nguvu
Damu kuganda
Kutoka kwa damu
Damu zisizo na mzunguko maalum
Kidonda kinasambaa ndani kwa ndani
Fever
Occasional/intermittent fevers
Disruption or weakening of the body
Weakness
Weak body
Frequent illnesses
Weight loss
Loss of energy
Blood clots
Blood comes out
Bleeding without regular cycle
Wound spreads deep inside