Table 3

Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for mortality in 342 Aboriginal RHD surgical patients

Preoperative characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Preoperative characteristics	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age at first surgery≥16 years	2.9 (1.3 to 6.3)	0.006	2.0 (0.8 to 4.7)	0.1
Female*	1.1 (0.7 to 1.6)	0.8	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	0.7
Severe pulmonary hypertension†	2.3 (1.5 to 3.7)	<0.001	1.9 (1.2 to 3.1)	0.007
NYHA class 3 and 4	1.7 (1.1 to 2.7)	0.02	1.0 (0.6 to 1.9)	0.9
Atrial fibrillation or flutter	1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)	0.63
Moderate or greater LV dysfunction	2.4 (0.8 to 7.7)	0.13
Diabetes mellitus	2.3 (1.4 to 4.0)	0.002	1.0 (0.4 to 2.4)	0.9
Smoking history‡	1.8 (1.1 to 2.9)	0.012	1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)	0.8
Hypercholesterolaemia	1.7 (1.0 to 3.0)	0.045	1.4 (0.8 to 2.7)	0.2
Hypertension	1.7 (1.1 to 2.7)	0.02	0.9 (0.5 to 1.9)	0.9
Severity of coronary artery disease§	5.0 (2.3 to 10.9)	<0.001	3.3 (1.3 to 8.4)	0.012
Previous myocardial infarction	1.4 (0.6 to 3.5)	0.47
Transient ischaemic attack	1.7 (0.4 to 7.2)	0.43
Embolic stroke	1.3 (0.4 to 4.2)	0.64
Haemorrhagic stroke	–	–
Bronchiectasis	2.4 (1.0 to 5.4)	0.04	1.9 (0.8 to 4.6)	0.1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2.4 (1.4 to 4.2)	0.002	1.0 (0.4 to 2.3)	0.9
Obstructive sleep apnoea	2.4 (0.6 to 9.7)	0.23
Chronic kidney disease¶	8.3 (4.1 to 16.8)	<0.001	6.5 (3.0 to 14.0)	<0.001

*Binary (defined by health workers).
†Pulmonary hypertension≥50 mmHg (at cardiac catheterisation or estimated at echocardiography).
‡Current or previous tobacco smoker.
§Moderate to severe and severe stenosis on coronary angiogram prefirst surgery.
¶Estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 mL/min/1.73 m².
LV, left ventricle; NYHA, New York Heart Assessment; RHD, rheumatic heart disease.