Table 2

Failure frequency by API/API combination in prevalence survey

API/API combination No of publications No of data points Failure frequency % (n/N)
Ritonavir12100.0 (2/2)
Indinavir4642.9 (6/14)
Lopinavir-ritonavir4518.2 (8/44)
Lamivudine-zidovudine-nevirapine338.2 (7/85)
Stavudine6134.2 (4/96)
Efavirenz10233.6 (7/193)
Lamivudine-nevirapine-stavudine7142.8 (5/177)
Nevirapine12242.6 (5/192)
Zidovudine7181.9 (2/103)
Lamivudine6181.5 (2/132)
Lamivudine-zidovudine5111.5 (2/134)
Antiretroviral-unspecified220.0 (1/2,325)
Abacavir330.0 (0/33)
Abacavir-lamivudine110.0 (0/1)
Amprenavir110.0 (0/1)
Didanosin440.0 (0/20)
Efavirenz-lamivudine-tenofovir disiproxil110.0 (0/29)
Emtricitabine-efavirenz-tenofovir disiproxil220.0 (0/28)
Emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil240.0 (0/30)
Lamivudine-stavudine450.0 (0/43)
Saquinavir120.0 (0/2)
Tenofovir disoproxil350.0 (0/25)
Tenofovir disoproxil-lamivudine110.0 (0/3)
Total191681.4 (51/3713)
  • Because of the limited number of samples tested for quality in the studies included in this review, the figures should not be interpreted as representative of the prevalence of specific SF antiretroviral medicines (please refer to the discussion section of the current paper for more details).

  • API, active pharmaceutical ingredient; SF, substandard and falsified.