Table 1

Scoping review databases, strategies and inclusion criteria

DatabasesEBSCO, PubMed-Central and Web of Science. In addition, Google scholar was used to identify grey literature and Government and International Organisation reports.
Keywords combinations((breastmilk substitutes OR breastmilk substitutes marketing OR breastfeeding) AND (legislation OR violation OR public health) AND (Code of marketing OR WHO Code OR policies))
Concept
  • Legal measures documents regulating the marketing of BMS through digital (eg, websites, online retailers, online groups, mobile applications, among others) and social media (eg, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, among others).

  • Digital marketing: any promotional activity, delivered through a digital medium, that seeks to maximise the impact through creative and/or analytical methods including industry-sponsored online social groups, individually targeted ads, paid blogging, paid blogs and discounted internet sales.

  • Breast-milk substitutes: any food or milk that is marketed as partially or fully replacing breast-milk and specifically for feeding children up to 3 years of age, such as infant formula (0–6 months), follow-up formula (7–12 months), growing-up milk (13–36 months), any other food or liquid, bottles and teats.

Population studiedLegal measures documents from countries around the world.
ContextWorldwide settings.
Time frame1 January 2012 to 30 April 2022 (additional sources identified via backward citation chaining did not have a time frame).
LanguageAll languages.
AccessFull-text article accessible.