Table 1

Select investments that are directly or indirectly related to HIV, TB and/or malaria (HTM) efforts by core capacity of the JEE

JEE core capacity	3-year costs directly and indirectly related to HTM efforts	Selected examples of costed activities directly and indirectly related to HTM efforts
Real-time surveillance	US$13 billion	Training, capacity building and ongoing support for skilled healthcare and public health workforce to enable both indicator and event-based surveillance; development and maintenance of electronic disease surveillance data platforms.
Antimicrobial resistance	US$8 billion	Resources to support and enable infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities, including decontamination kits, airborne infection isolation rooms and hand hygiene kits; outbreak investigation kits; training, development and ongoing support for skilled healthcare, animal health and public health workforce.
National laboratory system	US$3 billion	Durable and consumable laboratory materials that support efforts aligned with multiple disease areas (eg, virus culture, serology and PCR capability, microscopy and bacterial culture capability); select rapid diagnostic tests.
Workforce development	US$1 billion	Expand national field epidemiology training capability and provide programmatic support and essential supplies for training; develop, maintain and evaluate national workforce strategy.

Of note, these costs represent overlap between investments related to HTM efforts and need as assessed for progress against the specified JEE indicators; as such, they do not represent the total magnitude of global need in each area.
All costs estimated in 2021 US$; results reported rounded to the nearest billion or million, depending on the order of magnitude. Selected activities are intended as illustrative examples but do not cover the full costs for each core capacity.
JEE, Joint External Evaluation.