Pooled | Donation channels | Donor types | |||||
(1) Pooled donation | (2) Bilateral donation | (3) COVAX specified | (4) COVAX specified versus bilateral | (5) DAC | (6) Non-DAC | (7) Non-DAC vs DAC | |
Part 1 Gatekeeping (Logit) | |||||||
COVAX specified (vs bilateral) | 1.049*** | 1.218 | 1.357*** | 0.246 | 1.101*** | ||
(0.335) | (2.284) | (0.307) | (0.369) | (0.318) | |||
Non-DAC vs DAC | 2.431*** | 2.474*** | 2.158*** | 2.339*** | 7.893*** | ||
(0.433) | (0.397) | (0.321) | (0.272) | (2.044) | |||
Log2(Cases+1) | 0.050** | 0.133*** | −0.001 | 0.132*** | 0.042 | 0.080*** | 0.042 |
(0.024) | (0.043) | (0.030) | (0.043) | (0.035) | (0.012) | (0.034) | |
Log2(GDP per capita) | −0.393*** | −0.212** | −0.534*** | −0.216** | −0.326*** | −0.509*** | −0.322*** |
(0.059) | (0.101) | (0.138) | (0.101) | (0.082) | (0.025) | (0.078) | |
Log2(Trade) | 0.331*** | 0.437*** | 0.224*** | 0.438*** | 0.290*** | 0.420*** | 0.285*** |
(0.029) | (0.072) | (0.056) | (0.070) | (0.028) | (0.104) | (0.025) | |
Voting distance | 0.751*** | 0.449*** | 1.020*** | 0.404*** | 0.856*** | −0.336 | 0.842*** |
(0.115) | (0.171) | (0.189) | (0.154) | (0.101) | (0.247) | (0.095) | |
Log2(Population) | −0.277*** | −0.522*** | −0.055 | −0.520*** | −0.204*** | −0.488*** | −0.200*** |
(0.054) | (0.097) | (0.053) | (0.095) | (0.065) | (0.094) | (0.061) | |
Δ * Log2(Cases+1) | −0.133*** | 0.038 | |||||
(0.040) | (0.035) | ||||||
Δ * Log2(GDP per capita) | −0.319* | −0.213*** | |||||
(0.187) | (0.079) | ||||||
Δ * Log2(Trade) | −0.216** | 0.178*** | |||||
(0.109) | (0.068) | ||||||
Δ * Voting distance | 0.660*** | −1.243*** | |||||
(0.204) | (0.233) | ||||||
Δ * Log2(Population) | 0.467*** | −0.330*** | |||||
(0.088) | (0.080) | ||||||
Observations | 3265 | 1968 | 1297 | 3265 | 2738 | 527 | 3265 |
Log pseudolikelihood | −1164.146 | −505.891 | −574.642 | −1080.918 | −859.357 | −274.817 | −1142.648 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.207 | 0.316 | 0.177 | 0.264 | 0.188 | 0.197 | 0.221 |
Part 2 level-setting (OLS, log) | |||||||
COVAX specified (vs bilateral) | 0.228* | −2.383 | 0.350** | 0.022 | 0.239* | ||
(0.129) | (1.582) | (0.157) | (0.355) | (0.138) | |||
Non-DAC vs DAC | 0.140 | 0.112 | −0.061 | 0.026 | −0.909 | ||
(0.338) | (0.310) | (0.325) | (0.281) | (1.823) | |||
Log2 (cases+1) | 0.022 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.029 | 0.037 | 0.003 | 0.033 |
(0.023) | (0.020) | (0.046) | (0.020) | (0.040) | (0.021) | (0.039) | |
Log2 (GDP per capita) | −0.083 | −0.147** | −0.061 | −0.150** | −0.116* | −0.060 | −0.121** |
(0.063) | (0.062) | (0.061) | (0.065) | (0.060) | (0.152) | (0.059) | |
Log2 (trade) | 0.147*** | 0.180*** | 0.124*** | 0.182*** | 0.132*** | 0.227*** | 0.128*** |
(0.029) | (0.035) | (0.022) | (0.036) | (0.020) | (0.030) | (0.020) | |
Voting distance | 0.367*** | 0.242** | 0.414*** | 0.209* | 0.395*** | 0.100 | 0.404*** |
(0.126) | (0.116) | (0.155) | (0.120) | (0.139) | (0.094) | (0.138) | |
Log2 (population) | 0.260*** | 0.192*** | 0.305*** | 0.190*** | 0.266*** | 0.186*** | 0.274*** |
(0.034) | (0.064) | (0.058) | (0.063) | (0.043) | (0.042) | (0.042) | |
Δ * Log2 (cases+1) | 0.002 | −0.029 | |||||
(0.050) | (0.043) | ||||||
Δ * Log2 (GDP per capita) | 0.095 | 0.073 | |||||
(0.094) | (0.140) | ||||||
Δ * Log2 (trade) | −0.061 | 0.113*** | |||||
(0.041) | (0.041) | ||||||
Δ * Voting distance | 0.226** | −0.309* | |||||
(0.101) | (0.161) | ||||||
Δ * Log2 (population) | 0.118 | −0.102 | |||||
(0.110) | (0.063) | ||||||
Observations | 542 | 245 | 297 | 542 | 356 | 186 | 542 |
Log likelihood | −786.238 | −359.737 | −418.368 | −778.722 | −501.408 | −275.918 | −778.998 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.587 | 0.577 | 0.580 | 0.594 | 0.594 | 0.539 | 0.594 |
Values indicate coefficient (SEs clustered at the level of donor countries). Δ indicates either COVAX specified channel (in column 4) or non-DAC status (in column 7).
*p<0.10, **p<0.05 and ***p<0.01.
DAC, Development Assistance Committee; GDP, Gross Domestic Product; OLS, Ordinary Least Squares.