Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for relevant studies

CriteriaApplied to title and abstract screening to select relevant studies (stages 1 and 2)Applied to full-text screening for eligibility (stage 3)
Inclusion
  • Scientific literature (peer reviewed academic papers) published in English.

  • Empirical research material or review articles on health reforms in SSA

  • Studies from countries in SSA.

  • Studies on policy environment, policy context, policy design, policy processes, policy change or politics of policy change related to health reforms.

  • Policy studies including analysis of ideas and experiences of stakeholders in decision-making related to policy design, policy processes or policy change.

  • Presence of policy process or health policy-related theory or conceptual framework ex ante.

Exclusion
  • Conference proceedings, position/opinion/advocacy papers, commentaries, editorials, institutional reports, study protocols.

  • Studies from outside SSA.

  • Presence of theory or framework ex post.

  • Frameworks announced but none referred to explicitly (no reference from the literature).

  • Frameworks without any empirical application.

  • Theory-driven evaluation (intervention theory and logical models for policy evaluation).

  • Adapted from Jones et al (2021).

  • SSA, sub-Saharan Africa.