Table 4

Environmental risk factors multivariate model – all sites

Bacterial infection
Relative riskP value95% CrI
Sylhet, Bangladesh1.00
Karachi, Pakistan1.570.005**1.15 to 2.15
Matiari, Pakistan1.240.1540.92 to 1.66
Vellore, India1.220.3080.83 to 1.81
Odisha, India2.710.000***1.97 to 3.74
Toilet facilities
Flush toilet1.00
Latrine/VIP latrine1.320.041*1.01 to 1.71
Unsanitary or no formal Toilet1.160.2130.92 to 1.48
Unknown0.750.6470.22 to 2.56
No hand washing facilities in home1.340.028*1.03 to 1.74
Constant0.010.000***0.01 to 0.01
Sample size variationn=58 823 –58 907
  • Exponentiated coefficients.

  • *P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

  • CrI, credible interval.