Table 1

Prevalence of multimorbidity by age

The youngest age of enrolled participants	18–34 years		35–59 years		60 years and above		All studies
The youngest age of enrolled participants	No. of studies	Prevalence of multimorbidity (%, IQR)	No. of studies	Prevalence of multimorbidity (%, IQR)	No. of studies	Prevalence of multimorbidity (%, IQR)	No. of studies	Prevalence of multimorbidity (%, IQR)
Overall	15	15.5 (9.1, 24.7)	18	30.9 (22.1, 43.1)	26	49.0 (41.6, 68.5)	59	30.7 (17.1, 49.4)
Sex
Female	11	11.3 (9.2, 15.1)	10	38.3 (31.5, 45.2)	13	53.3 (43.0, 63.4)	34	34.2 (14.7, 48.2)
Male	11	9.2 (8.8, 15.4)	10	35.5 (27.4, 41.8)	13	45.5 (40.1, 50.3)	34	30.8 (15.3, 43.1)
Area
Urban	6	11.1 (10.7, 16.9)	4	32.6 (30.3, 35.8)	2	44.7 (42.9, 46.6)	12	25.0 (11.1, 33.2)
Rural	6	8.3 (7.6, 16.9)	4	27.2 (22.8, 31.6)	2	45.9 (44.6, 47.3)	12	25.5 (8.3, 28.4)
Data source
Primary data	6	13.3 (8.9, 25.1)	8	35.8 (27.0, 45.3)	15	51.0 (33.0, 66.9)	29	41.6 (20.8, 56.8)
Secondary data	9	17.1 (9.4, 23.4)	10	30.2 (13.1, 42.1)	11	44.5 (42.7, 77.2)	30	30.1 (13.5, 44.6)
No. of diseases
≤10	8	9.0 (8.4, 18.6)	9	29.7 (27.3, 40.5)	6	33.1 (19.6, 48.7)	23	24.5 (9.1, 40.5)
11–15	3	16.3 (14.0, 38.1)	6	31.4 (8.8, 42.1)	9	48.6 (43.7, 57.0)	18	43.0 (20.6, 51.2)
≥16	4	24.7 (20.1, 28.3)	3	45.4 (33.1, 66.7)	11	68.7 (43.5, 81.5)	18	54.1 (26.8, 78.5)
Region
India	7	8.9 (8.6, 25.2)	3	31.0 (20.0, 45.1)	3	56.8 (43.8, 61.3)	13	28.3 (8.9, 56.8)
China	11	16.3 (11.7, 23.6)	16	30.7 (23.5, 42.9)	23	48.6 (41.7, 71.0)	50	36.1 (19.6, 48.8)
Population range
≤10 000	4	20.9 (12.2, 33.8)	8	40.5 (31.0, 45.4)	20	50.2 (38.8, 68.2)	32	44.5 (29.0, 59.1)
10 001–49 999	7	17.9 (9.0, 24.0)	8	26.1 (7.4, 35.9)	6	46.1 (43.6, 72.9)	21	24.7 (9.0, 43.6)
≥50 000	4	13.5 (10.4, 18.6)	2	39.2 (33.3, 45.2)	0		6	17.1 (11.1, 27.3)
Representative data
Yes	5	14.7 (8.9, 27.8)	10	31.8 (28.5, 43.9)	5	43.7 (43.6, 44.5)	20	31.2 (21.6, 44.6)
No	10	15.5 (11.1, 24.7)	8	29.0 (7.4, 41.9)	21	56.8 (41.6, 73.3)	39	30.4 (16.1, 56.8)