HIV incidence and bivariate and multivariable association with baseline characteristics
| Variables | Number of negative n (%) | Number of positive n (%) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR* (95% CI) | P Value |
| Education incentive arm | |||||||
| Education incentive control | 1741 (91.9) | 153 (8.1) | 0.039 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Education incentive | 1759 (93.7) | 119 (6.3) | 0.766 (0.598, 0.981) | 0.035 | 0.754 (0.585, 0.972) | 0.029 | |
| Raffle incentive | |||||||
| Raffle control | 1706 (92.17) | 145 (7.83) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Raffle treatment arm | 1794 (93.39) | 127 (6.61) | 0.147 | 0.827 (0.645, 1.060) | 0.133 | 0.826 (0.645, 1.060) | 0.133 |
| Randomisation sub-arm | 0.086 | ||||||
| No intervention | 825 (91.16) | 80 (8.84) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Raffle | 916 (92.62) | 73 (7.38) | 0.822 (0.585, 1.154) | 0.257 | 0.839 (0.598, 1.177) | 0.310 | |
| Education | 881 (93.13) | 65 (6.87) | 0.761 (0.542,1.069) | 0.115 | 0.766 (0.537, 1.093) | 0.142 | |
| Education +raffle | 878 (94.21) | 54 (5.79) | 0.634 (0.443, 0.907) | 0.013 | 0.622 (0.433, 0.893) | 0.010 | |
| Schooling status at baseline | |||||||
| In school | 1857 (95.6) | 86 (4.4) | <0.001 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Out of school | 1643 (89.8) | 186 (10.2) | 2.444 (1.869, 3.198) | <0.001 | 1.928 (1.378, 2.697) | <0.001 | |
| Locality | |||||||
| Rural | 2880 (92.7) | 227 (7.3) | 0.626 | ||||
| Urban | 620 (93.2) | 45 (6.8) | 0.918 (0.688, 1.226) | 0.564 | 1.161 (0.843, 1.599) | 0.359 | |
| Region | |||||||
| Hhohho | 884 (93.6) | 60 (6.4) | 0.701 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Manzini | 1283 (92.6) | 103 (7.4) | 1.186 (0.855, 1.644) | 0.308 | 1.276 (0.904, 1.801) | 0.166 | |
| Shiselweni | 723 (92.3) | 60 (7.7) | 1.221 (0.832, 1.793) | 0.308 | 1.266 (0.864, 1.855) | 0.226 | |
| Lubombo | 610 (92.6) | 49 (7.4) | 1.180 (0.827, 1.682) | 0.361 | 1.110 (0.778, 1.583) | 0.565 | |
| Baseline highest school level attained | |||||||
| Grade 1–7 (primary education) | 772 (91.5) | 72 (8.5) | 0.134 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Form 1–6 (secondary education) | 2633 (93.1) | 196 (6.9) | 0.798 (0.610, 1.044) | 0.099 | 0.715 (0.534, 0.957) | 0.024 | |
| Year 1–5 (tertiary education) | 95 (96.0) | 4 (4.0) | 0.451 (0.169, 1.208) | 0.113 | 0.440 (0.158, 1.222) | 0.115 | |
| Age at baseline | |||||||
| 15–17 | 1567 (95.3) | 78 (4.7) | <0.001 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 18–22 | 1933 (90.9) | 194 (9.1) | 2.016 (1.537, 2.645) | <0.001 | 1.577 (1.103, 2.256) | 0.013 | |
| Endline risk lover | |||||||
| No | 2760 (93.2) | 201 (6.8) | 0.053 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 738 (91.2) | 71 (8.8) | 1.322 (0.983, 1.778) | 0.065 | 1.431 (1.053, 1.944) | 0.022 | |
| Assets-based social economic status at baseline | |||||||
| Poorest | 666 (91.4) | 63 (8.6) | 0.065 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Second | 709 (92.8) | 55 (7.2) | 0.820 (0.578, 1.164) | 0.267 | 0.883 (0.619, 1.259) | 0.490 | |
| Middle | 786 (92.1) | 67 (7.9) | 0.901 (0.646, 1.257) | 0.540 | 1.014 (0.735, 1.400) | 0.931 | |
| Fourth | 729 (92.7) | 57 (7.3) | 0.827 (0.562, 1.216) | 0.334 | 0.949 (0.645, 1.397) | 0.792 | |
| Richest | 610 (95.3) | 30 (4.7) | 0.520 (0.333, 0.812) | 0.004 | 0.643 (0.409, 1.012) | 0.057 |
Adjusted for being in the raffle arm; aOR for the randomisation arms, raffle randomisation arms and randomisation subarm are from separate logistic regression models with the same covariates. SEs adjusted for clustering.
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; n, number of observations.