Parameter | Used to calculate | Data source |
Total healthcare expenditures | Direct medical cost: healthcare expenditures | WHO Global Health Expenditure Database15 |
Total healthcare expenditure projections | Direct medical cost: healthcare expenditures | GBD Health Financing Collaborator Network (2019)44 |
OAO-attributable fraction of healthcare expenditures | Direct medical cost: healthcare expenditures | “The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention”, OECD Health Policy Studies34 |
Average cost of gasoline | Direct non-medical cost: travel costs for inpatient and outpatient visits for persons with obesity; informal caregiver (ICG) travel cost | World Bank World Development Indicators16 |
Average fuel efficiency | Direct non-medical cost: travel costs for inpatient and outpatient visits for persons with obesity; informal caregiver (ICG) travel cost | International Energy Agency (2019)19 |
Average number of additional hospitalisations by population with OAO | Direct non-medical cost: travel costs for inpatient and outpatient visits for persons with obesity; informal caregiver (ICG) travel cost | Kudel, I et al.,45 Korda, RJ et al.,46 Espallardo, O et al.,47 Nørtoft, Chubb, and Borglykke,48 Gupta, Richard, and Forsythe,49 Elrashidi, MY et al.50 |
Average number of additional outpatient visits by population with OAO | Direct non-medical cost: travel costs for inpatient and outpatient visits for persons with OAO | Kudel, I et al.,45 Espallardo,O et al.,47 Elrashidi, MY et al.,50 Peterson and Mahmoudi,51 Gudzune, KA et al.,52 Nørtoft, Chubb, and Borglykke,48 DiBonaventura, M et al.,53 Gupta, Richard, and Forsythe49 |
OAO prevalence | All components (direct and indirect costs) | N.C.D. Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)32 |
Average wage | Direct non-medical cost; indirect cost: absenteeism; indirect cost: presenteeism | ILOSTAT and Global Wage Report 2020-2117 54 |
OAO-attributable mortality | Indirect cost: premature mortality | Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD)14 |
Life expectancy | Indirect cost: premature mortality | United Nations Population Division (UNPD)18 |
Background death rates | Indirect cost: premature mortality | United Nations Population Division (UNPD)18 |
Annual gross domestic product (GDP) per capita | Indirect cost: premature mortality | IMF World Economic Outlook and UNPD18 55 |
Additional days absent | Indirect cost: absenteeism | Catalina-Romero, C et al.,56Dibonaventura, M et al.,53 Lehnert, T et al.,57 58 Gupta, Richard, and Forsythe,49 Kudel, I et al.,45 Van Nuys, K et al.,59 Andreyeva, Luedicke, and Wang, et al.,60 Keramat, SA et al.,61 Gifford, B62 |
Employment rates | Indirect cost: absenteeism; presenteeism | World Bank World Development Indicators16 |
Additional presenteeism rate | Indirect cost: presenteeism | Kudel, I et al.,45 DiBonaventura, M et al.,58 Gifford, B,62 Gupta, Richard, and Forsythe,49 DiBonaventura, M et al.,53 Kudel, I et al.45 |
AFR, Africa; AMR, the Americas; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean; EUR, Europe; HICs, high-income countries; LICs, low-income countries; LMICs, low and middle-income countries; OAO, overweight and obesity; SEA, South-East Asian; UMICs, upper middle-income countries; WPR, Western Pacific.