Failure frequency of antibiotics by outlet type in prevalence surveys
| Outlet/Source | Failure frequency % (n/N) | Data points | Countries |
| Combination of outlets* | 18.3% (1211/6616) | 255 | Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Estonia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Mongolia, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, UK, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Zimbabwe |
| Government clinics/depots | 22.1% (44/199) | 8 | Cambodia, Cameroon, Myanmar, South Africa |
| Hospitals/Health centres | 4.8% (26/543) | 16 | Cameroon, India, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Tanzania, Ukraine, Zimbabwe |
| Internet | 4.3% (11/255) | 5 | India, USA |
| Private pharmacies | 15.7% (707/4510) | 120 | Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela |
| Unknown† | 16.2% (51/315) | 12 | Bangladesh, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand |
| Unregistered/Unlicensed outlets‡ | 34.3% (210/613) | 36 | Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Thailand |
| Wholesalers/Distributors | 19.3% (97/504) | 82 | Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Germany, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Uganda, Viet Nam, Zimbabwe |
*Nearly half of the surveys described several types of outlets where medicines were collected in the methods but did not present their results broken down by individual types of outlets.
†Four studies did not explicitly mention the outlets where samples were sourced.
‡Includes unlicensed/unregistered market stalls, shops, ambulant sellers, etc.