Variables | MP | Bihar | ||||||
Comparison | Intervention | Comparison | Intervention | |||||
N | Mean (SD)* | N | Mean (SD)* | N | Mean (SD)* | N | Mean (SD)* | |
Individual characteristics† | ||||||||
Beneficiary’s age (in completed years) | 2021 | 24.0 (3.86) | 2245 | 23.9 (3.61) | 2384 | 24.3 (4.27) | 2383 | 24.7 (4.65) |
Beneficiary’s education (in years) | 2021 | 5.3 (4.43) | 2245 | 5.5 (4.28) | 2382 | 4.5 (4.81) | 2349 | 4.0 (4.67) |
Beneficiary works to earn income | 2021 | 25.7% | 2245 | 25.4% | 2384 | 8.8% | 2383 | 11.1% |
Beneficiary finds it easy to reach the AWC | 2021 | 83.1% | 2245 | 81.7% | 2384 | 76.4% | 2383 | 79.1% |
Beneficiary has an Aadhar card | 2021 | 97.8% | 2245 | 97.3% | 2384 | 96.6% | 2383 | 96.4% |
Beneficiary owns a bank account | 2021 | 90.9% | 2245 | 90.1% | 2384 | 84.1% | 2383 | 87.0% |
Number of pregnancies in beneficiary’s lifetime | 2021 | 2.4 (1.50) | 2245 | 2.3 (1.40) | 2384 | 2.7 (1.64) | 2383 | 2.9 (1.73) |
Household Characteristics† | ||||||||
Household belongs to scheduled castes/tribes | 2021 | 55.9% | 2245 | 51.1% | 2384 | 36.0% | 2383 | 36.6% |
House is of pucca construction | 2021 | 33.2% | 2245 | 38.0% | 2384 | 52.7% | 2383 | 46.5% |
No of rooms used for sleeping in the house | 2021 | 2.1 (1.00) | 2245 | 2.1 (1.09) | 2384 | 2.2 (1.31) | 2383 | 2.1 (1.30) |
Household owns agricultural land | 2021 | 74.0% | 2245 | 70.7% | 2384 | 42.8% | 2383 | 40.5% |
House has a functional toilet | 2021 | 73.8% | 2245 | 61.9% | 2384 | 36.9% | 2383 | 47.9% |
CHNW Characteristics‡ | ||||||||
CHNW’s age | 353 | 38.1 (8.71) | 331 | 39.7 (9.15) | 294 | 39.3 (8.93) | 339 | 37.7 (7.03) |
CHNW’s education (in years) | 353 | 10.6 (3.78) | 331 | 10.9 (3.47) | 294 | 11.5 (2.1) | 339 | 11.8 (2.03) |
CHNW belongs to a schedules caste/tribe | 353 | 58.6% | 331 | 47.7% | 294 | 15.0% | 339 | 20.1% |
Number of years of experience as CHNW | 353 | 14.3 (7.97) | 331 | 15.7 (8.58) | 294 | 15.6 (9.22) | 339 | 12.2 (5.04) |
CHNW owns a smartphone | 353 | 32.6% | 331 | 100.0% | 294 | 59.2% | 339 | 94.7% |
CHNW is trained in seven topics under ISSNIP | 353 | 75.4% | 331 | 74.6% | 294 | 53.1% | 339 | 51.9% |
CHNW has frequent interactions with LS | 353 | 49.9% | 331 | 53.5% | 294 | 60.5% | 339 | 54.6% |
CHNW reported problems with THR supply | 353 | 12.5% | 331 | 7.3% | 294 | 35.7% | 339 | 53.4% |
Characteristics of AWC‡§ | ||||||||
Population covered by the AWC | 310 | 698.1 | 303 | 829.1 | 222 | 1081.8 | 312 | 1024.0 |
AWC has pucca construction | 353 | 80.5% | 331 | 90.6% | 294 | 58.2% | 339 | 49.9% |
AWC has drinking water on premises | 352 | 65.9% | 329 | 67.8% | 288 | 49.3% | 323 | 49.5% |
AWC has toilet on premises | 352 | 52.8% | 329 | 48.6% | 288 | 18.4% | 323 | 24.2% |
AWC has functional child weighing scale | 353 | 84.4% | 331 | 83.4% | 294 | 75.9% | 339 | 83.5% |
AWC has growth charts for children | 353 | 45.6% | 331 | 50.2% | 294 | 38.4% | 339 | 35.4% |
Exposure of CHNWs to ICDS-CAS Intervention‡ | ||||||||
Received training on using App | 331 | 97.9% | 339 | 97.9% | ||||
CHNWs own a smart phone | 331 | 100.0% | 339 | 94.7% | ||||
CHNWs who reported carrying their phone during home visits in the last 30 days | 331 | 99.1% | 339 | 88.2% | ||||
CHNWs who reported that they always showed the App content/messages to beneficiaries during home visits in the last 30 days | 331 | 68.6% | 339 | 69.9% |
*For continuous variables mean and SD are reported. For binary variables percentage is reported.
†Based on self-report from beneficiary surveys.
‡Based on self-report from CHNW surveys.
§Infrastructure at AWC was assessed as per the observations by enumerators.
AWC, Anganwadi centre; CAS, Common Application Software; CHNW, community health and nutrition worker; ICDS, Integrated Child Development Service; ISSNIP, ICDS Systems Strengthening and Nutrition Improvement Programme.