Family planning knowledge among men in four districts of Madhya Pradesh
| Description | Men’s survey (n=3842) | ||||||||
| Prevalence across study arms | Intention to treat | Instrumental variable | |||||||
| Int. | Control | Difference | RR | 95% CI | P value | CATE | 95% CI | P value | |
| Family planning knowledge | |||||||||
| Safe methods for delaying pregnancy | 96.3 | 96.7 | (0.37) | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.55 | 0.98 | 0.92 to 1.04 | 0.55 |
| One or more benefits of family planning | 96.5 | 97.0 | (0.45) | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.57 | 0.98 | 0.93 to 1.04 | 0.56 |
| One or more benefits of small family | 84.2 | 83.9 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.03 | 0.77 | 1.02 | 0.91 to 1.13 | 0.76 |
| Source of pregnancy test | |||||||||
| FLHW | 33.7 | 33.5 | 0.19 | 1.01 | 0.93 to 1.11 | 0.79 | 1.05 | 0.74 to 1.48 | 0.80 |
| Health centre | 59.1 | 59.3 | (0.19) | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.05 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 0.80 to 1.21 | 0.90 |
| Government provides free pregnancy tests | 66.0 | 66.3 | (0.37) | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.04 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.84 to 1.18 | 0.97 |
| Birth spacing | |||||||||
| 3 years gap is ideal | 99.6 | 99.6 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 | 0.95 |
| Know the benefits of a 3-year age gap | 97.3 | 97.6 | (0.32) | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 | 0.81 | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.04 | 0.81 |
| Postpartum pregnancy risk | |||||||||
| Woman can get pregnant before menses returns | 46.4 | 44.9 | 1.54 | 1.04 | 0.97 to 1.12 | 0.24 | 1.10 | 0.94 to 1.30 | 0.24 |
| Female sterilisation | |||||||||
| Ever heard of | 99.4 | 99.6 | (0.20) | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1.01 | 0.48 |
| Knowledge that services are free | 96.2 | 95.8 | 0.41 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.02 | 0.44 | 1.02 | 0.97 to 1.08 | 0.43 |
| Timing: can be done at time of birth | 59.4 | 59.3 | 0.06 | 1.01 | 0.96 to 1.06 | 0.85 | 1.02 | 0.83 to 1.25 | 0.87 |
| Male sterilisation | |||||||||
| Ever heard of | 95.1 | 95.8 | (0.67) | 0.99 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.46 | 0.98 | 0.94 to 1.03 | 0.46 |
| Knowledge that services are free | 86.5 | 87.7 | (1.15) | 0.99 | 0.97 to 1.01 | 0.41 | 0.96 | 0.86 to 1.06 | 0.40 |
| Causes men to become weak | 59.4 | 59.1 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 0.95 to 1.05 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.78 to 1.26 | 0.92 |
| Does not require incision or stitches | 49.2 | 49.4 | (0.12) | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.07 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.77 to 1.31 | 0.97 |
| Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device | |||||||||
| Ever heard of | 58.8 | 56.9 | 1.90 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 | 0.070 | 1.16 | 0.99 to 1.35 | 0.070 |
| Knowledge that services are free | 43.8 | 43.6 | 0.27 | 1.02 | 0.95 to 1.09 | 0.58 | 1.06 | 0.88 to 1.28 | 0.55 |
| Timing: can be done at time of birth | 38.2 | 36.3 | 1.85 | 1.06 | 0.98 to 1.15 | 0.13 | 1.13 | 0.96 to 1.33 | 0.13 |
| Awareness of other methods | |||||||||
| Medroxyprogesterone acetate/injectables | 68.6 | 68.1 | 0.47 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.06 | 0.56 | 1.04 | 0.92 to 1.16 | 0.53 |
| Oral contraceptive pills | 87.2 | 85.7 | 1.42 | 1.02 | 0.99 to 1.04 | 0.13 | 1.10 | 0.97 to 1.25 | 0.13 |
| Condoms | 98.9 | 98.9 | (0.02) | 1.00 | 0.99 to 1.01 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.97 to 1.04 | 0.87 |
| Emergency contraceptives | 50.5 | 51.4 | (0.89) | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.05 | 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.74 to 1.26 | 0.81 |
| Health providers as source for information, methods | |||||||||
| Know to ask health provider questions about family planning use | 70.6 | 67.6 | 2.98 | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.09 | 0.032 | 1.27 | 1.00 to 1.62 | 0.047 |
| Keep FLHW number handy in case of emergency | 82.6 | 82.6 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.97 to 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.01 | 0.88 to 1.15 | 0.93 |
CATE, compliance adjusted treatment effects; CF, complementary feeding; Diff, difference; FLHW, frontline health worker; FP, family planning; Int., intervention; OCPs, oral contraceptive pills; RR, relative risk.