Authorship position | |||
First author (n=6819) | Last author (n=6819) | Single author (n=281) | |
Overall | P<0.001* | P<0.001* | P=0.049* |
Men | 3701 (54.3%) | 4212 (61.8%) | 157 (55.9%) |
Women | 3118 (45.7%) | 2607 (38.2%) | 124 (44.1%) |
Region of author affiliation† | P<0.001‡ | P<0.001‡ | P<0.001§ |
Sub-Saharan Africa | n=3768 | n=3350 | n=146 |
Men | 2305 (61.2%) | 2164 (64.6%) | 97 (66.4%) |
Women | 1463 (38.8%) | 1186 (35.4%) | 49 (33.6%) |
Europe/North America | n=2206 | n=2764 | n=122 |
Men | 883 (40.0%) | 1623 (58.7%) | 51 (41.8%) |
Women | 1323 (60.0%) | 1141 (41.3%) | 71 (58.2%) |
Both sub-Saharan Africa and Europe/North America | n=729 | n=543 | n=8 |
Men | 447 (61.3%) | 327 (60.2%) | 5 (62.5%) |
Women | 282 (38.7%) | 216 (39.8%) | 3 (37.5%) |
Other | n=116 | n=162 | n=5 |
Men | 66 (56.9%) | 98 (60.5%) | 4 (66.4%) |
Women | 50 (43.1%) | 64 (39.5%) | 1 (33.6%) |
*P value associated with two-sided one-sample test of proportions, with the null proportion set to 0.5.
†P values associated with one-sample tests of proportions within each region of affiliation and author position category, though discussed in the results section, are not included in this table for brevity.
‡P value associated with χ2 test of association between region of affiliation and gender.
§P value associated with Fisher’s exact test of association between region of affiliation and gender