Study | Country | Intervention cost | LMIC standardised cost* | Intervention effect | ||
Total | Per child | Per child | Domain | Estimate | ||
Aboud and Akhter, 201142 | Bangladesh, 2008 | $13 151 | $69 | $99 | Cognitive | 0.40 (0.10 to 0.69)† |
Aboud et al, 201331 | Bangladesh, 2011 | $6 | $41 | Cognitive | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.86)† | |
Group sessions | Expressive language | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.21)† | ||||
Receptive language | 0.85 (0.64 to 1.03)† | |||||
Aboud et al, 201331 | Bangladesh, 2011 | $1 | $24 | Cognitive | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.86)† | |
Home visits | Expressive language | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.21)† | ||||
Receptive language | 0.85 (0.64 to 1.03)† | |||||
Boivin et al, 201343 | Uganda, 2012‡ | $39 617 | $660 | $992 | Cognitive | 0.03 (−0.33 to 0.40) |
Expressive language | 0.39 (0.02 to 0.75)† | |||||
Fine motor | 0.11 (−0.25 to 0.47) | |||||
Receptive language | 0.44 (0.07 to 0.81)† | |||||
Carlo et al, 200344 | India, Pakistan | $20 487 | $347 | $1256 | Cognitive (non-resuscitated) | 0.23 (−0.07 to 0.53) |
Zambia, 2007–2011 | Cognitive (resuscitated) | 0.37 (0.01 to 0.72)† | ||||
Eickmann et al 200345 | Brazil, 1999 | $16 636 | $252 | $228 | Cognitive | 0.81 (0.46 to 1.16)† |
Gardner et al, 200546 | Jamaica, 2004‡ | $38 333 | $782 | $1282 | Cognitive | 0.32 (−0.05 to 0.70) |
Fine motor | 0.16 (−0.22 to 0.53) | |||||
Language | 0.55 (0.16 to 0.93)† | |||||
Hamadani et al 200634 | Bangladesh, 2000–2002 | $16 801 | $183 | $1357 | Cognitive | 0.33 (0.04 to 0.61)† |
Jin et al, 200747 | China, 2003 | $828 | $17 | $62 | Cognitive | 0.48 (0.06 to 0.91)† |
Language | 0.51 (0.08 to 0.94)† | |||||
Lozoff et al, 201033 | Chile,1991–1995 | $167 228 | $2172 | $3519 | Cognitive (iron-deficient) | 1.80 (1.21 to 2.18)† |
Cognitive (non-iron-deficient) | −0.41 (−0.82 to 0.00) | |||||
Nahar et al, 200948 | Bangladesh, 2008‡ | $3324 | $101 | $582 | Cognitive | 0.84 (0.35 to 1.33)† |
Nair et al, 200949 | India, 2008‡ | $1690 | $5 | $18 | Cognitive | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.35)† |
Powell et al, 200450 | Jamaica, 2003‡ | $50 753 | $781 | $1290 | Cognitive | 0.87 (0.87 to 1.23)† |
Fine motor | 0.71 (0.35 to 1.07)† | |||||
Language | 0.77 (0.41 to 1.13)† | |||||
Vazir et al, 201351 | India, 2012‡ | $22 534 | $147 | $418 | Cognitive | 0.36 (0.14 to 0.57)† |
Walker et al, 200452 | Jamaica, 2003‡ | $28 218 | $448 | $735 | Cognitive | 0.42 (0.07 to 0.77)† |
Language | 0.00 (−0.34 to 0.34) | |||||
Yousafzai et al, 2014§32 | Pakistan, 2009–2012 | $48 816 | $134 | $134 | Cognitive | 0.60 (0.45 to 0.76)† |
Language | 0.70 (0.45 to 0.75)† |
*Hypothetical cost of interventions if conducted in a typical LMIC in 2010 (uses the average gross domestic product per capita for LMICs in the year 2010 (US$3549) as the wage reference point). Workforce costs were modified; however, additional input costs (ie, books, toys etc.) were not, as the estimates used were already standardised across interventions.
†Statistically significant.
‡Study year not explicitly stated; using year prior to article publication.
§Cost inputs extracted from the linked study by Gowani et al.53
ECD, early childhood development; LMIC, low-income and middle-income country; RCT, randomised controlled trial.