Summary of estimated cost-effectiveness (ICER, 95% uncertainty ranges given in parentheses) for each intervention that promotes ECD included in this study
| Study | Effect estimate | Standardised cost-effectiveness | Intervention cost-effectiveness (local cost) | ||||
| Cost per child | Rank | Cost-effectiveness (ICER) | Cost per child | Rank | Cost-effectiveness (ICER) | ||
| Averaged effect estimate | |||||||
| Aboud et al, 2013 (Home visits)31 | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.03) | $24 | 1 | $29 ($23 to $37) | $1 | 1 | $1 ($1 to $2) |
| Aboud et al, 2013 (Group sessions)31 | 0.83 (0.65 to 1.03) | $41 | 2 | $49 ($40 to $63) | $6 | 2 | $7 ($6 to $9) |
| Nair et al, 200949 | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.35) | $18 | 3 | $86 ($51 to $300) | $5 | 3 | $24 ($14 to $83) |
| Jin et al, 200747 | 0.50 (0.07 to 0.92) | $62 | 4 | $125 ($67 to $886) | $17 | 4 | $34 ($18 to $243) |
| Yousafzai et al, 201432 | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.76) | $134 | 5 | $206 ($177 to $298) | $134 | 7 | $206 ($177 to $298) |
| Aboud and Akhter, 201142 | 0.40 (0.10 to 0.69) | $99 | 6 | $248 ($143 to $990) | $69 | 6 | $172 ($100 to $690) |
| Eickmann et al, 200345 | 0.81 (0.46 to 1.16) | $228 | 7 | $281 ($197 to $496) | $252 | 8 | $311 ($217 to $548) |
| Nahar et al, 200948 | 0.84 (0.35 to 1.33) | $582 | 8 | $693 ($438 to $1663) | $101 | 5 | $120 ($76 to $289) |
| Vazir et al, 201351 | 0.36 (0.14 to 0.57) | $418 | 9 | $1161 ($733 to $2986) | $147 | 9 | $408 ($258 to $1050) |
| Powell et al, 200450 | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.14) | $1290 | 10 | $1647 ($1128 to $2374) | $781 | 11 | $997 ($683 to $1437) |
| Hamadani et al, 200634 | 0.33 (0.04 to 0.61) | $1357 | 11 | $4112 ($2225 to $33,925) | $183 | 10 | $555 ($300 to $4575) |
| Lozoff et al, 201033 | 0.70 (0.20 to 1.09) | $3519 | 12 | $5063 ($3228 to $18,046) | $2172 | 12 | $3125 ($1993 to $11 138) |
| Summed effect estimate | |||||||
| Aboud et al, 2013 (Home visits)31 | 2.49 (1.94 to 3.10) | $24 | 1 | $10 ($8 to $12) | $1 | 1 | $0 ($0 to $1) |
| Aboud et al, 2013 (Group sessions)31 | 2.49 (1.94 to 3.10) | $41 | 2 | $16 ($13 to $21) | $6 | 2 | $2 ($2 to $3) |
| Jin et al, 200747 | 0.99 (0.14 to 1.85) | $62 | 3 | $63 ($34 to $443) | $17 | 3 | $17 ($9 to $121) |
| Nair et al, 200949 | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.35) | $18 | 4 | $86 ($51 to $300) | $5 | 4 | $24 ($14 to $83) |
| Yousafzai et al, 201432 | 1.30 (0.90 to 1.51) | $134 | 5 | $103 ($89 to $149) | $134 | 5 | $103 ($89 to $149) |
| Aboud and Akhter, 201142 | 0.40 (0.10 to 0.69) | $99 | 6 | $248 ($143 to $990) | $69 | 7 | $172 ($100 to $690) |
| Eickmann et al, 200345 | 0.81 (0.46 to 1.16) | $228 | 7 | $281 ($197 to $496) | $252 | 8 | $311 ($217 to $548) |
| Powell et al, 200450 | 2.35 (1.63 to 3.43) | $1290 | 8 | $549 ($376 to $791) | $781 | 9 | $332 ($228 to $479) |
| Nahar et al, 200948 | 0.84 (0.35 to 1.33) | $582 | 9 | $693 ($438 to $1663) | $101 | 6 | $120 ($76 to $289) |
| Vazir et al, 201351 | 0.36 (0.14 to 0.57) | $418 | 10 | $1161 ($733 to $2986) | $147 | 10 | $408 ($258 to $1050) |
| Lozoff et al, 201033 | 1.39 (0.39 to 2.18) | $3519 | 11 | $2532 ($1614 to $9023) | $2172 | 12 | $1563 ($996 to $5,569) |
| Hamadani et al, 200634 | 0.33 (0.04 to 0.61) | $1357 | 12 | $4112 ($2225 to $33,925) | $183 | 11 | $555 ($300 to $4,575) |
Averaged effect estimate=mean of the effect estimates across the domains of cognitive and language skills for which an effect size was reported in the study.
Summed effect estimate=sum of the effect estimates across the two domains of cognitive and language skills, for which an effect size was reported in the study.
Standardised cost-effectiveness=uses the average gross domestic product per capita for LMICs in the year 2010 (US$3549) as the wage reference point.
Note that the status quo and time horizon in the calculation of ICERs corresponds to the status quo and time horizon retained in each of the studies for which an ICER was computed.
ECD, early childhood development; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries.