Risk factor | Cohort | Seroprevalence (95% CI) | Random effects model OR (95% CI) | P value | Cohort |
Overall | 58 | 11.5% (9.4% to 13.8%) | |||
Sex | |||||
Female | 20 | 5.5% (3.2% to 8.0%) | Reference | 18 | |
Male | 20 | 7.8% (4.6% to 11.9%) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.9) | 0.001 | 18 |
Age (years) | |||||
<40 | 18 | 7.1% (5.1% to 9.5%) | Reference | 9 | |
40–49 | 5 | 10.1% (4.6% to 17.6%) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) | 0.049 | 5 |
≥50 | 14 | 12.6% (8.0% to 18.1%) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7) | <0.001 | 9 |
Residence | |||||
Rural | 9 | 8.4% (5.0% to 12.6%) | Reference | 8 | |
Urban | 9 | 5.4% (3.2% to 8.1%) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.002 | 8 |
Tick bites | |||||
Not suffering | 10 | 10.5% (2.1% to 24.3%) | Reference | 5 | |
Suffering | 5 | 18.8% (10.1% to 29.4%) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.2) | 0.036 | 5 |
Different continents | |||||
Europe | 35 | 14.0% (11.2% to 17.0%) | |||
America | 10 | 9.4% (3.5% to 17.7%) | |||
Asia | 10 | 7.4% (3.7% to 12.2%) | |||
Caribbean | 1 | 2.0% (0.6% to 4.1%) | |||
Different populations | |||||
General | 35 | 5.7% (4.3% to 7.3%) | Reference | 8 | |
High risk | 22 | 14.7% (9.9% to 20.2%) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.2) | <0.001 | 7 |
Tick bitten | 10 | 18.8% (10.1% to 29.4%) | 2.5 (1.7 to 3.8) | <0.001 | 2 |
LB-like symptoms | 13 | 21.3% (14.1% to 29.4%) | 5.8 (2.7 to 13.6) | <0.001 | 2 |
Methods | |||||
Methods not conf WB | 41 | 16.3% (13.8% to 18.9%) | Reference | 36 | |
Methods conf WB | 40 | 11.6% (9.5% to 14.0%) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) | <0.001 | 36 |
Two time periods | |||||
2001–2010 | 12 | 8.1% (5.7% to 10.8%) | |||
2011–2021 | 45 | 12.2% (9.6% to 15.0%) |
LB, Lyme borreliosis; WB, western blotting.