Study | First author affiliation | Country studied | Type of surgical visit | Study type | Surgical specialty |
Okonta et al32 | Nigeria | Nigeria | Surgical missions+combined clinical and teaching visits | Research letter | Cardiac surgery |
Roberts et al17 | USA | 51 LMICs | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Orthopaedic surgery |
Billig et al33 | USA | Vietnam† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Qualitative study | Plastic surgery |
Vyas et al34 | USA | Peru† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Prospective study | Plastic surgery |
Margolick et al39 | Canada | Mexico† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study (survey) | General surgery (acute care rotation) |
Nwafor et al35 | Nigeria | Nigeria† | Surgical missions+combined clinical and teaching visits | Retrospective study | Cardiac surgery |
Chaus36 | USA | Haiti† | Surgical missions | Qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Munabi et al19 | USA | Rwanda* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Plastic surgery |
Cheok et al20 | Singapore | Cambodia† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Qualitative study | Plastic surgery |
Woolley et al37 | Haiti | Haiti† | Surgical missions | Viewpoint | Orthopaedic surgery |
Alassani et al38 | Togo | Togo*/Benin† | Surgical missions | Retrospective study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Close et al40 | UK | Benin† | Surgical missions | Qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Coughran et al21 | USA | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Munabi et al22 | USA | Rwanda* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Pre-intervention and post-intervention surveys | Plastic surgery |
Worden et al23 | USA | Vietnam† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Otolaryngology |
Schoenbrunner et al44 | USA | Mexico† | Surgical missions | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Plastic surgery |
Roche et al43 | USA | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Qualitative+cross-sectional study (survey) | Mixed SAO specialties |
Hayton et al24 | USA | Malawi* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional survey | General surgery |
Cook et al25 | USA | Tanzania† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Pre-intervention and post-intervention surveys | Mixed SAO specialties |
Roche and Hall-Clifford42 | USA | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Berry45 | Canada | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Qualitative+descriptive study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Cadotte et al26 | Canada | Ethiopia* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Qualitative study | Neurosurgery |
Elobu et al27 | Uganda | Uganda* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Mixed SAO specialties |
Kavolus et al28 | USA | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Cross-sectional study (survey) | Orthopaedic surgery |
Cadotte et al29 | Canada | Ethiopia* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Retrospective+qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
Mitchell et al46 | USA | Tanzania† | Surgical missions | Viewpoint | Mixed SAO specialties |
Haglund et al30 | USA | Uganda* | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Retrospective study | Neurosurgery |
Cameron et al31 | Canada | Guyana† | Combined clinical and teaching visits | Cross-sectional study | General surgery |
Nthumba18 | Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Surgical missions | Viewpoint | Mixed SAO specialties |
Green et al41 | USA | Guatemala† | Surgical missions | Qualitative study | Mixed SAO specialties |
*Low-income countries.
†Middle-income countries.
LMIC, low-income and middle-income country; SAO, surgery, anaesthesia and obstetrics.