Table 1

Characteristics of the study population by grandmothers’ (G1) region/country of birth

G1: Grandmothers' region/country of origin		Non-Western	Eastern European	Western	Rest of Nordic	Sweden
		%/mean (SD)	%/mean (SD)	%/mean (SD)	%/mean (SD)	%/mean (SD)
G2: Mothers (born 1973–1996) N=246 642
Post-secondary education	No	66.16	58.69	47.69	59.72	50.17
Post-secondary education	Yes	33.84	41.31	52.31	40.28	49.83
Gestational age	<37 weeks	5.34	5.56	4.69	4.48	3.79
	37–42 weeks	93.07	92.10	92.67	92.53	93.00
	>42 weeks	1.59	2.34	2.65	2.99	3.18
Height		164 (6)	167 (6)	166 (6)	166 (6)	167 (6)
LBW		4.22	4.71	4.38	4.13	3.79
Birthweight (grams)		3336 (492)	3359 (528)	3368 (511)	3417 (529)	3434 (521)
N		3463	3292	2646	12 570	224 671
G3: Daughters (born 1989–2012) N=314 415
Birth order	1	57.27	56.46	54.93	52.67	54.04
	2	31.47	33.55	35.31	34.40	35.23
	3+	11.26	9.99	9.76	12.94	10.73
Maternal age*	Less than 20	5.39	3.36	2.36	3.71	2.23
	20–24	29.64	19.18	17.02	23.01	18.71
	25–29	39.31	37.50	34.55	36.52	37.42
	30–34	22.24	32.14	35.88	29.33	33.48
	35+	3.42	7.82	10.19	7.42	8.15
Maternal smoking during pregnancy*	Non-smoker	88.67	86.26	89.24	84.71	90.80
	1–9 cigarettes/day	9.36	10.84	7.92	10.97	7.02
	>10 cigarettes/day	1.97	2.90	2.84	4.32	2.18
Maternal income (quintiles)*	1 Top	8.58	13.47	15.42	9.72	12.76
	2	22.24	30.36	31.26	29.24	33.60
	3	42.77	38.21	38.66	44.42	41.94
	4	18.13	11.23	10.13	11.92	9.03
	5 Bottom	8.28	6.73	4.53	4.71	2.67
BMI*		24 (5)	24(4)	24 (4)	25 (5)	24 (5)
Gestational age	<37 weeks	4.30	5.07	4.32	5.12	5.32
	37–42 weeks	95.65	94.79	95.65	94.79	94.61
	>42 weeks	0.05	0.15	0.03	0.09	0.07
LBW		3.58	3.36	3.05	3.13	3.32
Birthweight (grams)		3357 (499)	3427 (506)	3442 (506)	3504 (542)	3494 (537)
N		4325	4104	3308	16 179	286 499