Variables | Weighted N | Weighted % | Mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact | ||
No (%) | Yes (%) | P value | |||
Sex of child | 0.085 | ||||
Male | 66 741 | 50.9 | 58.4 | 41.6 | |
Female | 64 353 | 49.1 | 57.8 | 42.2 | |
Birth order | <0.001 | ||||
First | 27 470 | 21.0 | 54.0 | 46.0 | |
Second | 24 578 | 18.7 | 55.0 | 45.0 | |
Third | 20 928 | 16.0 | 56.5 | 43.5 | |
Fourth | 16 921 | 12.9 | 58.0 | 42.0 | |
Fifth or more | 41 197 | 31.4 | 63.4 | 36.6 | |
Birth weight | <0.001 | ||||
Normal (≥2.5 kg) | 123 952 | 94.6 | 58.7 | 41.3 | |
Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) | 7142 | 5.4 | 47.0 | 53.0 | |
Type of delivery | <0.001 | ||||
Vaginal | 124 374 | 94.9 | 57.1 | 42.9 | |
Caesarean section | 6720 | 5.1 | 75.5 | 24.5 | |
Type of birth | <0.001 | ||||
Single | 128 468 | 98.0 | 58.0 | 42.0 | |
Multiple | 2626 | 2.0 | 62.5 | 37.5 | |
Mother’s age (years) | <0.001 | ||||
15–19 | 9925 | 7.6 | 56.2 | 43.8 | |
20–24 | 29 787 | 22.7 | 54.9 | 45.1 | |
25–29 | 33 483 | 25.5 | 58.2 | 41.8 | |
30–34 | 26 312 | 20.1 | 57.9 | 42.1 | |
35–39 | 19 166 | 14.6 | 60.3 | 39.7 | |
40–44 | 9223 | 7.0 | 63.1 | 36.9 | |
45–49 | 3198 | 2.4 | 65.5 | 34.5 | |
Maternal educational level | <0.001 | ||||
No education | 48 163 | 36.8 | 69.5 | 30.5 | |
Primary | 43 698 | 33.3 | 52.6 | 47.4 | |
Secondary or higher | 39 233 | 29.9 | 50.1 | 49.9 | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||||
Never in union | 9647 | 7.4 | 48.1 | 51.9 | |
Married | 92 735 | 70.7 | 61.6 | 38.4 | |
Cohabiting | 19 134 | 14.6 | 49.2 | 50.8 | |
Widowed | 1787 | 1.4 | 57.7 | 42.3 | |
Divorced | 2666 | 2.0 | 54.6 | 45.4 | |
Separated | 5125 | 3.9 | 48.1 | 51.9 | |
Current working status | <0.001 | ||||
No | 44 199 | 33.7 | 59.3 | 40.7 | |
Yes | 86 895 | 66.3 | 57.4 | 42.6 | |
ANC | <0.001 | ||||
None | 14 623 | 11.1 | 85.8 | 14.2 | |
1–3 | 39 820 | 30.4 | 59.0 | 41.0 | |
4 or more | 76 651 | 58.5 | 52.3 | 47.7 | |
Place of delivery | <0.001 | ||||
Home | 38 108 | 29.1 | 85.7 | 14.3 | |
Health facility | 91 545 | 69.8 | 46.2 | 53.8 | |
Other | 1441 | 1.1 | 81.5 | 18.5 | |
Health insurance coverage | <0.001 | ||||
No | 125 498 | 95.7 | 57.9 | 42.1 | |
Yes | 5596 | 4.3 | 62.7 | 37.3 | |
Exposed to watching television | <0.001 | ||||
No | 98 639 | 75.2 | 60.2 | 39.8 | |
Yes | 32 455 | 24.8 | 51.6 | 48.4 | |
Exposed to listening to radio | <0.001 | ||||
No | 86 791 | 66.2 | 61.4 | 38.6 | |
Yes | 44 303 | 33.8 | 51.6 | 48.4 | |
Exposed to reading newspaper/magazine | <0.001 | ||||
No | 123 517 | 94.2 | 59.2 | 40.8 | |
Yes | 7577 | 5.8 | 39.0 | 61.0 | |
Wealth index | <0.001 | ||||
Poorest | 28 165 | 21.5 | 65.7 | 34.3 | |
Poorer | 28 021 | 21.4 | 62.7 | 37.3 | |
Middle | 26 304 | 20.1 | 59.1 | 40.9 | |
Richer | 25 322 | 19.3 | 52.6 | 47.4 | |
Richest | 23 282 | 17.7 | 48.0 | 52.0 | |
Place of residence | <0.001 | ||||
Urban | 44 686 | 34.1 | 51.5 | 48.5 | |
Rural | 86 408 | 65.9 | 61.4 | 38.6 | |
Geographical subregions | <0.001 | ||||
Southern | 12 708 | 9.7 | 41.5 | 58.5 | |
Central | 14 941 | 11.4 | 54.3 | 45.7 | |
Eastern | 45 631 | 34.8 | 53.7 | 46.3 | |
Western | 57 814 | 44.1 | 66.1 | 33.9 |
*P values were generated from the χ2 test.
ANC, antenatal care.