Heatmap of levels and patterns of indicators across included cities (listed according to population size)
| City | Pop in mil | Antenatal care | Childbirth | Postnatal care | CoC | ||||||||||||||
| Utilisation | Provision | Content | Utilisation | Provision | Content | Utilisation | Content | All three care services | |||||||||||
| ANC 1+ | ANC4+ | % of ANC in public hospitals (among ANC1+) | % of ANC in public sector (among ANC1+) | % of ANC in private sector (among ANC1+) | All three care components among women with ANC1+ | % of all births in health facilities | % of facility births in public hospital | % of facility births in public sector | % of facility births in private sector | Caesarean section rate (all births) | Early initiation of breastfeeding (% of facility births) | Baby weighed (% of facility births) | Immediate skin-to-skin (% of facility births) | Postnatal care within 48 hours (among all births) | % of vaginal facility births with LOS≧24 hours | % of caesarean facility births with LOS≧72 hours | |||
| Bujumbura | 1 | 99.8 | 50.7 | 41.6 | 70.9 | 29.1 | 69.9 | 95.1 | 63.1 | 84.2 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 78.0 | 95.7 | 36.9 | 76.8 | 77.9 | 100.0 | 26.1 |
| Lilongwe | 1.1 | 100.0 | 66.7 | 44.7 | 82.9 | 17.1 | 48.2 | 97.8 | 57.2 | 82.8 | 17.2 | 11.9 | 54.9 | 93.2 | 66.4 | 66.6 | 82.9 | 92.4 | 24.1 |
| Ndjamena | 1.2 | 85.3 | 61.2 | 84.3 | 76.5 | 20.3 | 71.0 | 67.0 | 55.4 | 90.1 | 9.9 | 6.7 | 18.4 | 65.2 | n/a | 29.2 | 14.9 | 49.1 | 3.5 |
| Monrovia | 1.2 | 98.1 | 88.8 | 47.3 | 64.0 | 40.8 | 95.9 | 76.8 | 46.3 | 58.7 | 41.3 | 5.5 | 67.0 | 44.3 | 47.3 | 75.5 | 68.6 | 91.6 | 17.6 |
| Freetown | 1.5 | 92.9 | 85.1 | 68.0 | 92.0 | 9.9 | 95.0 | 92.3 | 67.4 | 91.4 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 56.8 | 84.3 | 67.8 | 94.4 | 72.2 | 70.2 | 47.1 |
| Cotonou | 1.5 | 98.6 | 85.8 | 29.5 | 96.0 | 3.5 | 92.7 | 99.2 | 27.1 | 55.2 | 44.8 | 14.6 | 51.7 | 90.7 | 85.6 | 81.8 | 75.1 | 91.1 | 47.1 |
| Lomé | 1.7 | 98.7 | 75.0 | 30.6 | 69.2 | 30.0 | 93.3 | 95.6 | 36.7 | 69.6 | 30.4 | 12.7 | 59.3 | 90.0 | n/a | 81.3 | 65.1 | 86.6 | 39.4 |
| Conakry | 2.2 | 96.1 | 62.6 | 24.8 | 76.7 | 22.1 | 94.0 | 89.8 | 24.5 | 76.1 | 23.9 | 5.9 | 56.8 | 89.2 | 43.6 | 74.0 | 10.3 | 74.9 | 4.7 |
| Harare | 2.3 | 94.7 | 74.6 | 16.7 | 82.2 | 17.5 | 84.6 | 91.6 | 22.1 | 85.4 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 52.4 | 99.3 | 51.9 | 60.9 | 77.0 | 88.1 | 30.9 |
| Lusaka | 2.4 | 99.1 | 57.5 | 25.7 | 93.3 | 6.1 | 74.9 | 94.3 | 53.1 | 95.0 | 5.0 | 8.7 | 71.7 | 98.9 | 81.3 | 86.9 | 37.8 | 81.0 | 13.1 |
| Bamako | 2.8 | 96.0 | 78.2 | 2.3 | 82.0 | 15.6 | 92.8 | 96.6 | 3.0 | 86.4 | 13.6 | 6.1 | 64.5 | 69.2 | 36.3 | 79.8 | 4.0 | 75.7 | 2.3 |
| Dakar | 3.1 | 99.4 | 68.8 | 3.5 | 84.9 | 15.2 | 94.6 | 96.2 | 14.5 | 91.8 | 8.2 | 17.2 | 32.5 | 91.1 | 67.6 | 79.1 | 61.0 | 87.0 | 33.8 |
| Addis Ababa | 3.7 | 96.8 | 89.1 | 19.2 | 76.0 | 23.7 | 95.7 | 96.6 | 36.4 | 73.9 | 26.1 | 21.4 | 68.4 | 91.3 | 66.9 | 55.8 | 34.3 | 79.5 | 21.7 |
| Kampala | 3.8 | 97.9 | 67.5 | 33.9 | 71.3 | 28.6 | 64.4 | 94.3 | 34.5 | 62.2 | 37.8 | 12.5 | 69.3 | 94.5 | 81.1 | 78.4 | 64.0 | 92.5 | 25.6 |
| Accra | 4.5 | 98.8 | 92.7 | 54.9 | 79.7 | 20.3 | 99.1 | 95.5 | 69.4 | 83.2 | 16.8 | 25.0 | 55.4 | 89.6 | n/a | 96.9 | 47.3 | 88.3 | 49.1 |
| Dar es Salaam | 5.3 | 97.7 | 75.6 | 18.8 | 73.2 | 26.8 | 91.7 | 94.2 | 54.3 | 81.8 | 18.2 | 17.0 | 52.3 | 99.2 | 60.0 | 59.0 | 43.1 | 64.9 | 19.1 |
| Nairobi | 5.9 | 98.3 | 73.7 | 30.4 | 65.1 | 34.5 | 96.0 | 88.7 | 45.3 | 56.5 | 43.5 | 20.7 | 29.3 | 46.6 | n/a | 34.8 | 35.3 | 34.2 | 20.4 |
| Luanda | 7.0 | 97.7 | 84.4 | 29.4 | 86.2 | 13.2 | 94.1 | 72.5 | 25.7 | 93.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 50.0 | 96.1 | 77.7 | 39.5 | 52.4 | 91.2 | 13.2 |
| Kinshasa | 7.3 | 97.5 | 74.3 | 23.8 | 50.3 | 49.2 | 90.4 | 97.9 | 25.0 | 53.0 | 47.0 | 5.9 | 51.4 | 99.2 | n/a | 64.5 | 98.2 | 91.6 | 41.1 |
| Johannesburg | 8.3 | 94.1 | 78.5 | 7.2 | 84.8 | 15.2 | 100.0 | 96.9 | 59.2 | 89.5 | 10.5 | 20.1 | 84.9 | 89.7 | 59.8 | 67.1 | 69.6 | 78.2 | 40.4 |
| Lagos | 11.8 | 96.6 | 94.8 | 20.2 | 41.3 | 47.1 | 86.1 | 78.0 | 19.1 | 35.9 | 64.1 | 13.4 | 56.6 | 75.7 | 7.2 | 72.4 | 62.4 | 96.8 | 37.2 |
| Cairo | 23.0 | 90.2 | 88.0 | 3.7 | 18.1 | 81.9 | 88.1 | 94.7 | 31.7 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 55.8 | 24.8 | 69.5 | n/a | 93.4 | 13.2 | 4.0 | 3.2 |
Orange—lowest levels; Pink—below mean/median; light blue—around mean/median; light green; above mean/median or approaching 100%; green—highest levels or near 100%.
COC, Continuum of care, defined as all of the following: 1. At least four ANC visits and received all 3 measured elements of ANC and 2. Childbirth in a health facility (FBD) and 3. Woman had a PNC ≤48h of childbirth and stayed ≥24 hours in facility after vaginal delivery* or Stayed ≥72 hours in facility after caesarean section).
ANC, antenatal care; Coc, Continuum of care; LOS, length of stay; n/a, not available; Pop, Population size.