Patterns of coverage and content across the maternal continuum of care
| City | Pop (mil) | ANC coverage and content | Childbirth coverage and content | PNC coverage | Continuum of care | Additional notes across continuum of care, especially on level and sector of care |
| Bujumbura | 1 | Low coverage of ANC4 visits (highest relative drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), low content of care | High coverage, inconsistent content | Medium level of PNC, medium LOS24, high LOS72 (one of largest differences between LOS vaginal vs caesarean section) | High public hospital use (childbirth) | |
| Lilongwe | 1.1 | Low coverage of ANC4 +visits (high drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), lowest content of care | High coverage, medium content | Low PNC, both LOS24 and LOS72 above average | High public hospital use | |
| Ndjamena | 1.2 | Lowest ANC1, low ANC4, low content of care | Low coverage, low content | Low PNC, low LOS24, medium LOS72 | Low | |
| Monrovia | 1.2 | High coverage of ANC4 and high content of care | Low coverage, low content | Medium to high PNC, high LOS24, high LOS72 | High hospital use, low CS rate | |
| Freetown | 1.5 | High coverage of ANC4, high content of care | Medium coverage, medium content | highest PNC, high LOS24, low LOS72 | High | High public hospital use (ANC) |
| Cotonou | 1.5 | High coverage of ANC4, medium content of care | High coverage, high content | High PNC, medium LOS24 and LOS72 | High | Mix of sectors (ANC—public, childbirth private) |
| Lomé | 1.7 | Medium coverage of ANC4, medium content of care | High coverage, medium content | Above average both LOS | ||
| Conakry | 2.2 | Low coverage of ANC4 (high drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), medium content of care | Low coverage, low content | Medium PNC, very low LOS24, medium LOS72 | Low | Low hospital use, low CS rate |
| Harare | 2.3 | Medium coverage and content | Medium coverage, inconsistent content | Low PNC, both LOS above average | High use of lower level public facilities in childbirth | |
| Lusaka | 2.4 | Low coverage of ANC4 (high drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), low content of care | Medium coverage, high content | Good PNC with short LOS | High public sector use in ANC and childbirth | |
| Bamako | 2.8 | Medium coverage of ANC4, medium content of care | High coverage, low content | High PNC, very low both LOS | Low | High use of public lower-level facilities (ANC and childbirth) |
| Dakar | 3.1 | High coverage of ANC4 and high content of care | High coverage, inconsistent content (mostly medium) | High PNC, medium level of both LOS | High use of public lower-level facilities (ANC and childbirth) | |
| Addis Ababa | 3.7 | High coverage of ANC4 and high content of care | High coverage, medium content | Low PNC, low LOS | ||
| Kampala | 3.8 | Low coverage of ANC4 (high drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), lowest content of care | Medium coverage, high content | High PNC, medium LOS | High private sector use (ANC and childbirth) | |
| Accra | 4.5 | High coverage of ANC4 and high content of care | High coverage, medium content | High PNC, medium to low LOS | High | High use of public hospitals for ANC and childbirth care |
| Dar es Salaam | 5.3 | Medium coverage of ANC4, medium content of care | Medium coverage, inconsistent content | Low PNC, below average both LOS | ||
| Nairobi | 5.9 | Medium coverage of ANC4 (high drop-off between ANC1 to ANC4), high content of care | Low coverage, low content | Low PNC, medium/below average both LOS | Largest drop between FBD and PNC48 | |
| Luanda | 7 | High coverage of ANC4 and high content of care | Low coverage, high content | Low PNC, low LOS24, high LOS72 | ||
| Kinshasa | 7.3 | Medium coverage of ANC4, high content of care | High coverage, medium content | Low PNC, very high LOS24 | High private sector use (ANC and childbirth), while low CS rate | |
| Johannesburg | 8.3 | Medium coverage of ANC4, high content of care | High coverage, high content | Low PNC good LOS24, low LOS72 | ||
| Lagos | 11.8 | High coverage of ANC4 (low drop off between ANC1 and ANC4), medium content of care | Low coverage, low content (outlier low skin-to-skin) | Medium PNC, good both LOS | High private sector use (ANC and childbirth) | |
| Cairo | 23 | High coverage of ANC4 (low drop off between ANC1 and ANC4), medium content of care | Medium coverage, low content (outlier high CS) | High PNC, outlier low LOS | Low | High private sector use (ANC and childbirth), very high CS rate |
Green—best performing cities; orange—poorest performing cities.
ANC, antenatal care; CS, Caesarean section; FBD, facility-based delivery; LOS, length of stay; PNC, postnatal care.