Near and distance glasses studies and indicators
| Study design | Cohort | Cross-sectional | Mixed-methods | Secondary cross-sectional | – | – | – | – | – | Total |
| N | 1 | 46 | 0 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | 52 |
| % | 2% | 88% | 0% | 10% | – | – | – | – | – | 100% |
| Assessment approaches | Clinical only | Self-report only | Functional only | Clinical and self-report | Clinical and functional | Other combination | Secondary sources (multiple) | – | – | |
| N | 18 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 | – | – | 52 |
| % | 35% | 4% | 0% | 58% | 0% | 0% | 4% | – | – | 100% |
| Participants (N)* | <500 | 500–999 | 1000–4999 | 5000–9999 | 10 000–24 999 | >25 000 | Not available | – | – | |
| N | 3 | 6 | 24 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 52 |
| % | 6% | 12% | 46% | 19% | 12% | 4% | 2% | – | – | 100% |
| Age (years) Included† | Under 15 | <15 to 85+ | 15 to 85+ | 40 to 85+ | 60 to 85+ | Over 85 | Other | – | – | |
| N | 2 | 7 | 1 | 28 | 8 | 0 | 6 | – | – | 52 |
| % | 4% | 13% | 2% | 15% | 15% | 0% | – | – | – | 100% |
| JBI score | <7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | – | – | – | – | |
| N | 0 | 1 | 5 | 19 | 27 | – | – | – | – | 52 |
| % | 0% | 2% | 10% | 37% | 52% | – | – | – | – | 100% |
| Vision functioning difficulty or impairment definition | Use of AP | Reported activity limitations | Clinical threshold | Combination | – | – | – | – | – | |
| N | 1 | 0 | 44 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | 52 |
| % | 2% | 0% | 85% | 13% | – | – | – | – | – | 100% |
| WHO Region | AFR | AMR | EMR | EUR | SEAR | WPR | Global | – | – | |
| N | 20 | 23 | 4 | 11 | 27 | 17 | 2 | – | – | 104 |
| % | 19% | 22% | 4% | 11% | 26% | 16% | 2% | – | – | 100% |
| AP access indicator | Total need | Met need | Unmet need | Undermet need | Coverage | Use | Has AP | Uncorrected RE | Undercorrected RE | |
| N | 11 | 40 | 61 | 8 | 29 | 43 | 3 | 37 | 1 | 233 |
| % | 5% | 17% | 26% | 3% | 12% | 18% | 1% | 16% | 0% | 100% |
| Indicator denominator | Total with/using AP | Total with need | Total with functioning difficulty | Total participants | Total population | Total with unmet need | – | – | – | |
| N | 10 | 58 | 61 | 81 | 22 | 1 | – | – | – | 233 |
| % | 4% | 25% | 26% | 35% | 9% | 0% | – | – | – | 100% |
*Participants (N) ranged from 134 to 3 983 541 for this domain.
†Age group boundaries varied considerably by study; studies are sorted into categories that most closely represent their included age boundaries.
AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; AP, assistive product; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; EUR, European Region; JBI, Joanna Briggs Institute; RE, Refractive Error; SEAR, Southeast Asian Region; WPR, Western Pacific Region.