Direct and indirect costs to households per illness episode (US$)
| Cost US$ | |||||||
| Inpatient pneumonia | Septicaemia | Meningitis | P value* | ||||
| Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | ||
| AKTH | |||||||
| Pre-admission costs | 9.4 (9.3) | 8.6 (0–12) | 19.8 (26.4) | 13.9 (8–26) | 14.9 (11.0) | 13.6 (8–25) | 0.01 |
| Current admission costs | |||||||
| 1. Direct costs | |||||||
| Transportation | 1.1 (1.9) | 0.0 (0–4) | 2.1 (5.7) | 0.0 (0–5) | 1.1 (2.9) | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.84 |
| Feeding | 0.6 (2.2) | 0.0 (0–0) | 1.2 (4.8) | 0.0 (0–0) | 1.3 (6.1) | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.98 |
| User fees | 38.5 (29.3) | 35.2 (30–38) | 44.5 (25.4) | 35.8 (32–47) | 44.3 (6.7) | 44.3 (39–50) | <0.001 |
| Total direct household costs | 50 (30.0) | 43.6 (36–55) | 73.5 (61.1) | 60.7 (45–75) | 64.3 (16.8) | 68.8 (51–76) | <0.001 |
| 2. Indirect costs | |||||||
| Working days lost | 5 (0.9) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (1.2) | 5 (5–6) | 6 (1.1) | 6 (6–7) | <0.001 |
| Monthly household income | 258.6 | 249.7 (222–277) | 266.1 | 270.5 (222–277) | 329.6 | 277.4 (222–361) | 0.30 |
| Daily income lost | 4 (2) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (2) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (2) | 5 (4–5) | 0.23) |
| Total indirect costs | 19 (7.0) | 19 (14–23) | 22 (12.0) | 23 (15–23) | 28 (14.7) | 27.7 (22–28) | 0.006 |
| Total household costs | 68.9 (28.2) | 64.5 (55–75) | 95.4 (63.8) | 82.6 (63–96) | 92.3 (22.1) | 89.3 (79–106) | <0.001 |
| MMSH | |||||||
| Pre-admission costs | 12.0 (9.8) | 9.9 (7–12) | 12.2 (10.4) | 11.4 (0–14) | 18.6 (10.4) | 17.7 (11–26) | 0.003 |
| Current admission costs | |||||||
| 1. Direct costs | |||||||
| Transportation | 2.9 (4.8) | 1.9 (0–3) | 1.7 (3.9) | 0.0 (0–5) | 2.9 (4.4) | 0.0 (0–6) | 0.17 |
| Feeding | 1.1 (3.4) | 0.0 (0–0) | 3.2 (12.8) | 0.0 (0–0) | 6.8 (17.8) | 0.0 (0–0) | 0.57 |
| User fees | 27.8 (11.3) | 29.1 (22–36) | 50.7 (84.3) | 34.4 (29–44) | 59.2 (94.3) | 40.3 (36–45) | <0.001 |
| Total direct household costs | 43.7 (14.4) | 42.7 (35–53) | 74.3 (102.0) | 53.8 (42–72) | 92.2 (106.6) | 71.8 (58–83) | <0.001 |
| 2. Indirect cost | |||||||
| Working days lost | 5.3 (3.3) | 5.0 (4–5) | 5.6 (1.5) | 5.0 (5–7) | 7.4 (6.5) | 6.0 (5–7) | <0.001 |
| Monthly household income | 242.1 | 221.9 (166–277) | 257.8 | 221.9 (194–277) | 271.3 | 249.7 (222–277) | 0.46 |
| Daily income lost | 3 (2) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3) | 4 (3–5) | |
| Total indirect costs | 16.3 (12.4) | 16.6 (7–23) | 21.1 (12.0) | 18.5 (114–26) | 28.4 (22.5) | 22.4 (19–28) | <0.001 |
| Total household costs | 60.0 (21.8) | 59.1 (47–74) | 95.4 (105.7) | 68.4 (60–95) | 120.6 (123.2) | 97.6 (83–108) | <0.001 |
| Combined hospitals | |||||||
| Direct cost | 46.3 (22.3) | 43.6 (36–53) | 73.9 (84.1) | 57.3 (42-73) | 81.2 (84.1) | 69.6 (55–80) | <0.001 |
| Indirect cost | 17.4 (10.6) | 18.5 (9–23) | 21.5 (11.9) | 19.4 (14–26) | 28.2 (19.6) | 23 (19–28) | <0.001 |
| Total cost | 63.7 (24.9) | 62.2 (50–74) | 95.4 (87.3) | 72.2 (61–95) | 109.4 (97.1) | 93.8 (81–106) | <0.001 |
*P value for Kruskal-Wallis test comparing medians across disease categories.
AKTH, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital; MMSH, Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital.