Estimated prevalence and number of people with CKD (overall and stages 4–5) in countries of Asia, by cluster
| Overall CKD* | Advanced CKD† | |||||||||
| Cluster | Countries | No of people aged ≥20 years in 2020 (× million) | Population-based studies | All studies | Population-based studies | All studies | ||||
| No of patients (× million; 95% CI) | Prevalence (%; 95% CI) | No of patients (× million; 95% CI) | Prevalence (%; 95% CI) | No of patients (× million; 95% CI) | Prevalence (%; 95% CI) | No of patients (× million; 95% CI) | Prevalence (%; 95% CI) | |||
| 1 | Afghanistan | 18.02 | 3.06 (2.74 to 3.39) | 17.0 (15.2 to 18.8)‡ | 2.61 (2.18 to 3.03) | 14.5 (12.1 to 16.8)‡ | 3.06 (2.74 to 3.39) | 17.0 (15.2 to 18.8)‡ | 0.79 (0 to 2.05) | 4.4 (0.0 to 11.4)‡ |
| Pakistan§ | 122.00 | 8.71 (7.79 to 9.64) | 17.0 (15.2 to 18.8) | 7.43 (6.2 to 8.61) | 14.5 (12.1 to 16.8) | 8.71 (7.79 to 9.64) | 17.0 (15.2 to 18.8)¶ | 2.26 (0 to 5.84) | 4.4 (0.0 to 11.4) | |
| 2 | Bangladesh | 105.04 | 17.23 (2.1 to 32.35) | 16.4 (2.0 to 30.8) | 20.8 (10.29 to 31.41) | 19.8 (9.8 to 29.9) | 6.51 (0 to 16.07) | 6.2 (0.0 to 15.3) | 4.73 (0 to 12.39) | 4.5 (0.0 to 11.8) |
| Bhutan | 0.51 | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.1) | 14.7 (10.6 to 18.9)‡ | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.1) | 15.4 (11.5 to 19.4)‡ | 0.01 (0 to 0.04) | 2.0 (0.0 to 7.2)‡ | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | 1.3 (0.0 to 4.9)‡ | |
| Nepal | 17.55 | 2.56 (1.81 to 3.32) | 14.6 (10.3 to 18.9) | 2.56 (1.81 to 3.32) | 14.6 (10.3 to 18.9) | 0.05 (0.05 to 0.07) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.4) | 0.05 (0.05 to 0.07) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.4) | |
| 3 | Cambodia | 10.09 | 1.12 (0.83 to 1.42) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 1.13 (0.58 to 1.68) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 0.15 (0.01 to 0.29) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)‡ | 0.15 (0.01 to 0.3) | 1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)‡ |
| Laos | 4.24 | 0.47 (0.35 to 0.6) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 0.48 (0.24 to 0.71) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 0.06 (0 to 0.12) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)‡ | 0.06 (0 to 0.13) | 1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)‡ | |
| Myanmar | 35.47 | 3.94 (2.91 to 5) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 3.97 (2.02 to 5.92) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 0.53 (0.04 to 1.03) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)‡ | 0.53 (0.04 to 1.06) | 1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)‡ | |
| India | 892.94 | 108.05 (85.72 to 131.26) | 12.1 (9.6 to 14.7) | 140.19 (110.72 to 169.66) | 15.7 (12.4 to 19.0) | 16.97 (10.72 to 24.11) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.7) | 17.86 (11.61 to 24.11) | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.7) | |
| Indonesia | 179.26 | 15.42 (12.91 to 17.93) | 8.6 (7.2 to 10.0) | 15.42 (12.91 to 17.93) | 8.6 (7.2 to 10.0) | 2.69 (1.61 to 3.76) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.1) | 2.69 (1.61 to 3.76) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.1) | |
| Philippines | 66.20 | 7.35 (5.43 to 9.33) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 7.41 (3.77 to 11.05) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 1.72 (1.39 to 2.05) | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.1) | 1.72 (1.39 to 2.05) | 2.6 (2.1 to 3.1) | |
| Timor-Leste | 0.68 | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.1) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 0.08 (0.04 to 0.11) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 0.01 (0.001 to 0.02) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)‡ | 0.01 (0.001 to 0.02) | 1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)‡ | |
| Viet Nam | 68.26 | 8.74 (7.71 to 9.69) | 12.8 (11.3 to 14.2) | 5.94 (0.55 to 11.33) | 8.7 (0.8 to 16.6) | 0.07 (0 to 0.14) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 0.07 (0.07 to 0.14) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | |
| North Korea | 17.88 | 1.98 (1.47 to 2.52) | 11.1 (8.2 to 14.1)‡ | 2 (1.02 to 2.99) | 11.2 (5.7 to 16.7)‡ | 0.27 (0.02 to 0.52) | 1.5 (0.1 to 2.9)‡ | 0.27 (0.02 to 0.54) | 1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)‡ | |
| 4 | Brunei | 0.31 | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06) | 12.2 (5.8 to 18.6)‡ | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.08) | 18.2 (10.8 to 25.7)‡ | 0.001 (0 to 0.002) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)‡ | 0.001 (0 to 0.002) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7)‡ |
| Malaysia | 22.11 | 2.7 (1.28 to 4.11) | 12.2 (5.8 to 18.6) | 4.02 (2.39 to 5.68) | 18.2 (10.8 to 25.7) | 0.09 (0.02 to 0.15) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) | 0.09 (0.02 to 0.15) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) | |
| 5 | China | 1102.05 | 101.39 (81.55 to 121.23) | 9.2 (7.4 to 11.0) | 159.8 (146.57 to 174.12) | 14.5 (13.3 to 15.8) | 2.2 (1.1 to 2.2) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 26.45 (22.04 to 31.96) | 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9) |
| Thailand | 53.87 | 5.39 (2.69 to 8.03) | 10.0 (5.0 to 14.9) | 7.97 (4.74 to 11.2) | 14.8 (8.8 to 20.8) | 0.32 (0.05 to 0.59) | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.1) | 0.75 (0.32 to 1.13) | 1.4 (0.6 to 2.1) | |
| Sri Lanka | 14.68 | 1.16 (0 to 2.83) | 7.9 (0.0 to 19.3) | 2.85 (1.51 to 4.2) | 19.4 (10.3 to 28.6) | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.12) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.8)‡ | 0.35 (0.19 to 0.5) | 2.4 (1.3 to 3.4) | |
| Maldives | 0.41 | 0.04 (0.03 to 0.04) | 8.9 (7.4 to 10.5)‡ | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.09) | 17.8 (12.4 to 23.1)‡ | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.8)‡ | 0.01 (0.01 to 0.02) | 2.6 (1.5 to 3.8)‡ | |
| Taiwan | 19.58 | 1.45 (0.72 to 2.19) | 7.4 (3.7 to 11.2) | 4.42 (3.9 to 4.95) | 22.6 (19.9 to 25.3) | 0.12 (0.06 to 0.16) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.84 (0.7 to 0.98) | 4.3 (3.6 to 5.0) | |
| 6 | Japan | 105.03 | 13.34 (11.24 to 15.44) | 12.7 (10.7 to 14.7) | 27.83 (25.1 to 30.46) | 26.5 (23.9 to 29.0) | 0.21 (0.11 to 0.32) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 3.78 (3.47 to 4.2) | 3.6 (3.3 to 4.0) |
| Singapore | 4.87 | 1.67 (0 to 3.45) | 34.3 (0.0 to 71.0) | 1.62 (1.09 to 2.15) | 33.2 (22.4 to 44.1) | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.09) | 1.5 (1.1 to 1.8) | 0.22 (0.11 to 0.32) | 4.5 (2.3 to 6.6) | |
| South Korea | 42.36 | 2.97 (2.16 to 3.77) | 7.0 (5.1 to 8.9) | 7.54 (6.52 to 8.6) | 17.8 (15.4 to 20.3) | 1.61 (1.4 to 1.82) | 3.8 (3.3 to 4.3) | 1.61 (0.42 to 2.8) | 3.8 (1.0 to 6.6) | |
| 7 | Iran | 57.68 | 6.17 (4.33 to 8.08) | 10.7 (7.5 to 14.0) | 7.9 (5.77 to 10.09) | 13.7 (10.0 to 17.5) | 0.29 (0 to 0.87) | 0.5 (0.0 to 1.5) | 0.23 (0.12 to 0.35) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) |
| 8 | Mongolia | 2.04 | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.19) | 7.8 (6.2 to 9.5) | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.19) | 7.8 (6.2 to 9.5) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05) | 1.6 (0.8 to 2.4) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05) | 1.6 (0.8 to 2.4) |
| Total | 2963.12 | 315.24 (236.02 to 396.07) | 10.6 (8 to 13.4) | 434.35 (350.19 to 519.67) | 14.7 (11.8 to 17.5) | 45.83 (27.19 to 67.62) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.3) | 65.57 (42.22 to 94.96) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.2) | |
*Defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or evidence of proteinuria.
†Defined as eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2.
‡Prevalence of CKD (overall and advanced) was estimated based on data from others countries included in the same cluster for which CKD prevalence data were available using random effects meta-analysis.
§Data on people aged 20–39 years were unavailable; CKD prevalence was, therefore, estimated in people aged 40 years or older.
¶Prevalence for overall CKD was used in place of those for advanced CKD, because of no available data for advanced CKD.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.