Determinants of vaccination coverage at the population level in Ifanadiana district, 2014–2018 (Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), multivariate results*)
| Variable | BCG immunisation | Polio immunisation (third dose) | DTP immunisation (third dose) | Measles immunisation | All recommended vaccines |
| Immunisation coverage at baseline (intercept) | 0.8 (0.73 to 0.86) | 0.77 (0.71 to 0.83) | 0.71 (0.62 to 0.78) | 0.68 (0.61 to 0.75) | 0.47 (0.38 to 0.56) |
| District-wide differences | |||||
| Baseline differences in HSS catchment vs control | 0.6 (0.39 to 0.92) | – | 1.65 (1.12 to 2.44) | – | – |
| Socioeconomic class (log of wealth score) | 2.18 (1.51 to 3.15) | 2.85 (1.92 to 4.23) | 2.58 (1.75 to 3.8) | 2.3 (1.6 to 3.32) | 2.68 (1.84 to 3.91) |
| Distance to health centre (every 10 km) | 0.22 (0.12 to 0.4) | 0.3 (0.17 to 0.51) | 0.31 (0.18 to 0.53) | 0.53 (0.33 to 0.85) | 0.35 (0.19 to 0.62) |
| Changes in the district | |||||
| Annual change | – | – | – | – | – |
| Annual changexsocioeconomic class | – | – | – | – | – |
| Annual changexdistance to health centre | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.41) | 1.31 (1.21 to 1.41) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) | – | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) |
| Changes in the HSS catchment | |||||
| Change per year of HSS | 1.43 (1.22 to 1.66) | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | – | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.34) | 1.22 (1.08 to 1.38) |
| Change per year of HSS×socioeconomic class | – | 0.75 (0.6 to 0.95) | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.03) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.97) | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.9) |
| Change per year of HSS×distance to health centre | 0.81 (0.65 to 1) | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.9) | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.91) | 0.81 (0.66 to 1) |
*Results are expressed as probabilities for the intercept and as OR with associated 95% CIs for all other variables. A sign ‘-’ means that the variable was not part of the final reduced model for lack of statistical association.
DTP, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; HSS, health system strengthening.