Characteristics of children at enrolment
| Intervention clusters | Control clusters | |
| I. Cluster level characteristics | ||
| Bangladesh | ||
| Clusters—number | 26 | 26 |
| Children enrolled—number | 556 | 393 |
| Population size per cluster—median (IQR) | 25 000 (21 000 to 30000) | 25 000 (21 000 to 28000) |
| Community-level health workers per cluster—median (IQR) | 13 (11, 14) | 12 (10, 15) |
| Distance to referral facility per cluster in kilometres—median (IQR) | 17 (10, 22) | 12 (7, 20) |
| Ethiopia | ||
| Clusters—number | 10 | 10 |
| Children enrolled—number | 678 | 727 |
| Population size per cluster—median (IQR) | 24 000 (17 000 to 31000) | 20 000 (13 000 to 27000) |
| Community-level health workers per cluster—median (IQR) | 7 (4, 11) | 7 (6, 10) |
| Distance to referral facility per cluster in kilometres—median (IQR) | 37 (20, 47) | 22 (10, 30) |
| India | ||
| Clusters—number | 46 | 46 |
| Children enrolled—number | 684 | 593 |
| Population size per cluster—median (IQR) | 10 000 (8000 to 13000) | 10 000 (8000 to 13000) |
| Community-level health workers per cluster—median (IQR) | 9 (8, 12) | 10 (7, 12) |
| Distance to referral facility per cluster in kilometres—median (IQR) | 17 (10, 24) | 19 (14, 27) |
| Malawi | ||
| Clusters—number | 22 | 22 |
| Children enrolled—number | 228 | 154 |
| Population size per cluster—median (IQR) | 21 000 (17 000 to 26000) | 21 000 (14 000 to 30000) |
| Community-level health workers per cluster—median (IQR) | 6 (2, 9) | 5 (3, 7) |
| Distance to referral facility per cluster in kilometres—median (IQR) | 43 (24, 50) | 54 (29, 60) |
| II. Participant level characteristics | ||
| Number of children enrolled at all four sites | (N=2146) | (N=1867) |
| Age (months)—mean (SD) | 15.4 (13.3%) | 14.2 (12.4%) |
| Age 2–11 months – no. (%) | 1120 (52.2%) | 1059 (56.7%) |
| Age 12–59 months—number (%) | 1026 (47.8%) | 808 (43.3%) |
| Male sex—number (%) | 1245 (58.0%) | 1118 (59.9%) |
| Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)* cm—mean (SD) | 13.5 (1.2) | 13.4 (1.2) |
| MUAC between 11.5 and 12.5 cm*—number (%) | 358 (24.2%) | 375 (29.8%) |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)—mean (SD) | 55.5 (9.3) | 55.3 (9.0) |
| Respiratory rate ≥60 breaths/minute—number (%) | 500 (27.5%) | 518 (27.7%) |
| Axillary temperature (oC)—mean (SD) | 37.1 (0.8) | 37.2 (0.8) |
| Axillary temperature ≥38°C—number (%) | 297 (13.8%) | 315 (16.9%) |
*Among children≥6 months of age.