Outcome variables | N | Short-term effect | Difference between short and long term | Long-term effect | |||
Beta* (95% CI) | P value | Beta* (95% CI) | P value | Beta* (95% CI) | P value | ||
Probability of paying for ANC (%) | 7751 | −2.7 (−6.0 to 0.6) | 0.110 | 3.0 (−0.1 to 5.9) | 0.041 | 0.3 (−2.9 to 3.4) | 0.846 |
Probability of paying for delivery care (%) | 6941 | −5.0 (−9.3 to −0.7) | 0.023 | −5.1 (−9.6 to −0.5) | 0.030 | −10.3 (−15.2 to −5.4) | 0.000 |
Probability of paying for PNC (%) | 2125 | 2.1 (−3.7 to 7.9) | 0.476 | −2.8 (−10.8 to 3.0) | 0.408 | 0.1 (−5.5 to 7.0) | 0.975 |
Amount paid for ANC, mean US$ (sd) | 7751 | 0.12 (−0.11 to 0.35) | 0.310 | −0.13 (−0.38 to 0.12) | 0.353 | −0.01 (−0.18 to 0.17) | 0.971 |
Amount paid for delivery, mean US$ (sd) | 6941 | 0.19 (−1.17 to 1.55) | 0.780 | −1.00 (−2.50 to 0.41) | 0.186 | −0.91 (−2.62 to 0.74) | 0.286 |
Amount paid for PNC, mean US$ (sd) | 2125 | 0.43 (−0.23 to 1.08) | 0.202 | 0.50 (−0.12 to 0.12) | 0.465 | 1.39 (−–0.29 to 3.38) | 0.108 |
Provided a gift for ANC (%) | 7786 | 1.2 (−0.5 to 2.8) | 0.158 | −1.6 (−3.1 to -0.1) | 0.043 | −0.4 (−1.9 to 1.1) | 0.633 |
Provided a gift for delivery (%) | 6955 | −2.8 (−8.2 to 2.6) | 0.294 | −2.1 (−7.9 to 3.7) | 0.484 | −4.5 (−10.4 to 1.4) | 0.132 |
Provided a gift for PNC (%) | 2163 | −0.4 (−6.1 to 5.3) | 0.890 | −3.0 (−6.8 to 0.7) | 0.112 | −3.4 (−8.4 to 1.4) | 0.163 |
Value of gift for ANC, mean US$ (sd) | 7786 | −0.04 (−0.17 to 0.09) | 0.569 | 0.00 (−0.12 to 0.12) | 0.979 | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.04) | 0.322 |
Value of gift for delivery, mean US$ (sd) | 6955 | −0.21 (−0.46 to 0.04) | 0.100 | −0.05 (−0.32 to 0.21) | 0.706 | −0.26 (−0.51 to 0.01) | 0.050 |
Value of gift for PNC, mean US$ (sd) | 2163 | 0.00 (−0.32 to 0.33) | 0.978 | −0.18 (−0.35 to 0.03) | 0.048 | −0.19 (−0.45 to 0.05) | 0.123 |
*The beta is the estimated intervention effect controlling for a year dummy, facility-fixed effects, individual-level and household characteristics.
ANC, antenatal care; PNC, postnatal care.