Service use before and after the introduction of payment for performance
| Intervention | Comparison | |||||
| Baseline | Short term | Long term | Baseline (p value) | Short term | Long term | |
| Targeted services | ||||||
| At least two doses of IPT during ANC (%) | 49.5 | 72.9 | 67.5 | 56.7 (0.005) | 69.2 | 68.4 |
| HIV treatment during ANC (%) | 7.8 | 6.1 | 13.1 | 6.8 (0.527) | 6.2 | 8.8 |
| Institutional delivery rate (%) | 84.7 | 89.2 | 92.2 | 86.8 (0.350) | 83.1 | 89.4 |
| Polio vaccine at birth (%) | 77.4 | 79.1 | 80.0 | 78.5 (0.668) | 74.4 | 77.3 |
| Measles (%) | 51.4 | 44.3 | 25.7 | 53.3 (0.654) | 34.2 | 33.7 |
| Penta 3 doses (%) | 76.4 | 76.6 | 74.9 | 79.9 (0.243) | 74.4 | 74.0 |
| Postnatal care in facility <7 days (%) | 21.5 | 19.6 | 24.9 | 16.9 (0.043) | 13.8 | 18.3 |
| Use of long-term family planning (%) | 36.7 | 26.4 | 22.1 | 39.2 (0.384) | 30.7 | 22.1 |
| Non-targeted aspects of targeted services | ||||||
| Any ANC visit (%) | 97.2 | 99.3 | 99.9 | 99.9 (0.001) | 98.9 | 99.7 |
| Four or more ANC visits (%) | 65.0 | 64.8 | 61.5 | 71.2 (0.020) | 67.9 | 67.3 |
| Postnatal care in facility <2 months (%) | 27.7 | 21.6 | 34.3 | 23.4 (0.120) | 18.6 | 30.8 |
| Non-targeted services | ||||||
| Outpatient visits per facility per month >5 years | 359.5 | 334.1 | 393.6 | 287.3 (0.000) | 291.6 | 260.9 |
| Outpatient visits per facility per month >5 years, dispensaries | 276.8 | 190.6 | 178.3 | 235.4 (0.006) | 236.3 | 165.1 |
| Outpatient visits per facility per month <5 years | 223.9 | 164.1 | 182.1 | 193.7 (0.011) | 185.5 | 159.8 |
| Outpatient visits per facility per month <5 years, dispensaries | 164.8 | 93.2 | 124.4 | 172.6 (0.441) | 160.2 | 111.7 |
P values in parenthesis are for the baseline differences between intervention and comparison areas.
ANC, antenatal care; IPT, intermittent presumptive treatment.