Adjusted absolute risk differences (percentage point) in the probability of reporting a need for healthcare in the previous 12 months by tertile of household consumption expenditure per equivalent person
| Adults | NG1 | NG2 | NG3 | KE1 | KE2 | PK1 | BD1 |
| Bottom | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Middle | 22.6 (16.3, 28.9) | 7.0 (−0.5, 14.4) | 7.3 (−0.4, 15.0) | 10.6 (4.4, 16.8) | −1.8 (−7.0, 3.5) | 7.0 (−1.3, 14.1) | −0.1 (−2.5, 2.3) |
| Top | 31.0 (16.3, 28.9) | 14.1 (6.6, 21.6) | 7.3 (−0.5, 15.0) | 11.0 (4.8, 17.3) | 2.2 (−3.2, 7.5) | 4.7 (−2.4, 11.9) | 0.6 (−1.9, 3.0) |
| Children | NG1 | NG2 | NG3 | KE1 | KE2 | PK1 | BD1 |
| Bottom | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Middle | −3.7 (−19.5, 12.3) | 5.6 (−17.0, 28.1) | −15.4 (−35.7, 5.0) | 0.9 (−5.0, 6.9) | 7.1 (−0.2, 14.4) | 5.7 (−2.8, 14.2) | 4.2 (0.8, 7.5) |
| Top | −16.0 (−32.2, 0.3) | −4.0 (−26.8, 18.8) | −1.7 (−24.9, 21.4) | 4.6 (−1.9, 11.0) | 4.1 (−4.5, 12.7) | 4.9 (−3.7, 13.6) | 1.5 (−1.9, 4.9) |
BD1, Dhaka, Bangladesh; KE1 and KE2, Nairobi, Kenya; NG3, Lagos, Nigeria; NG1 and NG2, Ibadan, Nigeria; PK1, Karachi, Pakistan.