Author | Method | Subject of engagement | Aspect of risk analysis framework | Outcomes for practice or policy | Scale | Evaluation with participants |
De Kraaij et al 35 | Deliberative forum | Implementation of control measures | Risk management | Some recommendations were adopted in the ‘Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance’ of the Centre for Disease Control. | National | Yes, the understanding of pandemic influenza of citizens increased significantly. |
Andersson et al36 | Randomised controlled trial (RCT) | Prevention strategies | Risk management | Mean percentage of recent dengue infection was lower in the intervention group (11.3%) compared with control (14.6%). Further research is necessary on how to integrate PE in the long run. | Community | NA |
McNaughton et al37 | Interviews, Focus group discussions (FGDs) and surveys | Control strategy | Risk management | Strategy was implemented in seven different field sites in Australia (according to McNaughton et al 201438). | Community | NA |
McNaughton et al 38 | Surveys, interviews, observations, meetings and workshops | Control strategy | Risk management | Studied strategy was approved for open field release by the Vietnamese government. | Community | NA |
Sanchez et al39 | Document analysis, interviews and working groups | Communication and community mobilisation strategies | Risk management and communication | Outcomes were seen as a foundation for further exploration of these practices. | Community | NA |
Alonge et al40 | Interviews and group meetings | Community resilience and outbreak response | Risk management | Identification of factors that constitute community resilience. No further recommendations for future efforts were done. | Community | NA |
Brittain et al 41 | FGDs | Messaging and channels for disseminating information | Risk communication | A culturally relevant communication campaign was created and directly implemented. | Community | NA |
Braunack-Mayer et al42 | Deliberative forum | Allocation of scarce resources and considerations of control measures | Risk management | Study itself was part of FluViews. Extensive implications for policy makers were discussed. However, outcomes were labelled as new and a more research was needed. | National | Yes, but no results were discussed. |
Charania et al 43 | Interviews and group meetings | Community pandemic plan | Risk management and communication | Pandemic plans for three communities, to use as a foundation for improved pandemic response. | Community | NA |
Fain et al 44 | FGDs and surveys | Strategies to facilitate access to antiviral medications and public communication | Risk management and communication | Outcomes were used (at the moment of writing) by the CDC to inform development of contingency plans. | National | Yes, most participants agreed with having productive discussions and idea sharing, and a better understanding of the issue. |
Massey et al 45 | Workshops, interviews and FGDs. | Containment strategies | Risk management and communication | Strategy and its recommendations can be used to develop effective policy in the future together with communities. | Community | NA |
Biddison et al 46 | Deliberative forum | Allocation of scarce mechanical ventilators | Risk management | An allocation framework which can be used to increase acceptability of outbreak response. No recommendations for future efforts or actual use in practice was given. | National | NA |
Rogers et al 47 | Deliberative forum | Communication framework | Risk communication | Recommendations were made, but the use of these recommendations in practice or policy after the study were unclear. | National | NA |
PE, public engagement.