Table 3

Key characteristics of childbirth service readiness indices

	No of items	Items <40%	Items ≥90%	Coefficient of variation	Floor effects (score=0)	Ceiling effects (score=1)	Correlation with delivery volume
	n	%	%		%	%	r*	P value
Hospitals (n=160)
SARA tracer, simple	22	0	73	0.10	0	21	0.33	<0.001
SARA tracer, weighted	“	“	“	0.11	0	21	0.32	<0.001
SARA tracer, PCA	“	“	“	0.20	1	<1	0.33	<0.001
DHS, simple	33	0	85	0.07	0	14	0.25	0.002
DHS, weighted†	“	“	“	0.07	0	20	0.20	0.013
DHS, PCA	“	“	“	0.15	1	<1	0.31	<0.001
WHO standards, simple	52	0	67	0.09	0	6	0.23	0.003
WHO standards, weighted	“	“	“	0.09	0	6	0.26	<0.001
WHO standards, PCA	“	“	“	0.16	1	<1	0.29	<0.001
Health centres/clinics (n=246)
SARA tracer, simple	15	7	53	0.17	0	7	0.19	0.004
SARA tracer, weighted	“	“	“	0.19	0	7	0.18	0.004
SARA tracer, PCA	“	“	“	0.18	1	7	0.20	0.002
DHS, simple	30	3	33	0.16	0	1	0.35	<0.001
DHS, weighted†	“	“	“	0.16	0	2	0.39	<0.001
DHS, PCA	“	“	“	0.20	1	1	0.36	<0.001
WHO standards, simple	44	2	23	0.20	0	0	0.31	<0.001
WHO standards, weighted	“	“	“	0.20	0	0	0.35	<0.001
WHO standards, PCA	“	“	“	0.24	1	<1	0.31	<0.001

*Spearman’s correlation coefficients.
†Weighted addition of DHS items excluded the domain for ‘guidelines, staff training and supervision’ given limited information on these items for this sample.
DHS, Demographic and Health Survey; PCA, principal components analysis; SARA, Service Availability and Readiness Assessment.