Individual and country characteristics of the 31 low-income and middle-income countries surveyed with the Individual Water Insecurity Experience (IWISE) Scale by Gallup World Poll 2020, by world region (n=43 970)
| Country | Gallup World Poll Data (2020) | World Bank Data | WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme data | ||||||||
| Analytical sample* | Age (years) | Female | IWISE Score | Dissatisfied with local water quality† | Annual per capita household income (Intl dollars) | Difficulty getting by on income‡ | Gross domestic product per capita (2019) | Fertility rate (2018) | Infant mortality rate (2019) | Percentage of population with basic drinking water services (2020) | |
| N | Mean | Per cent of sample | Mean (SD) | Per cent of sample | Median (IQR) | Per cent of sample | Intl dollars | Births/ woman | Deaths/ 1000 live births | Per cent | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||||||
| Benin | 999 | 31.3 | 53.8 | 7.1 (7.7) | 35.7 | 520 (173, 1301) | 68.3 | 3433 | 4.8 | 59.0 | 65.4 |
| Burkina Faso § | 981 | 30.1 | 52.0 | 10.7 (9.2) | 41.5 | 293 (88, 878) | 59.2 | 2275 | 5.2 | 53.9 | 47.2 |
| Cameroon | 996 | 31.4 | 53.1 | 15.4 (9.6) | 67.3 | 807 (403, 1815) | 69.1 | 3803 | 4.6 | 50.2 | 65.7 |
| Congo Brazzaville | 878 | 36.2 | 51.6 | 7.2 (8.2) | 47.7 | 435 (193, 836) | 69.8 | 3836 | 4.4 | 34.9 | 73.8 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 935 | 31.0 | 49.6 | 7.2 (7.3) | 43.2 | 565 (225, 1483) | 65.0 | 5443 | 4.6 | 58.6 | 70.9 |
| Ethiopia | 1002 | 33.1 | 48.4 | 11.2 (8.6) | 47.5 | 1095 (469, 2409) | 61.6 | 2320 | 4.2 | 36.5 | 49.6 |
| Gabon | 987 | 34.0 | 47.0 | 11.0 (9.7) | 69.5 | 738 (131, 1477) | 66.9 | 15 612 | 4.0 | 31.1 | 85.3 |
| Ghana | 955 | 31.2 | 49.8 | 6.2 (7.4) | 24.9 | 504 (69, 1272) | 61.1 | 5652 | 3.9 | 33.9 | 85.8 |
| Guinea | 962 | 32.2 | 50.5 | 7.2 (7.6) | 43.0 | 277 (37, 739) | 53.2 | 2675 | 4.7 | 63.8 | 64.0 |
| Kenya | 984 | 30.7 | 50.4 | 12.3 (10.0) | 45.8 | 639 (224, 1398) | 63.3 | 4521 | 3.5 | 31.9 | 61.6 |
| Mali¶ | 926 | 34.4 | 51.4 | 6.0 (7.3) | 38.8 | 172 (26, 430) | 49.9 | 2424 | 5.9 | 60.2 | 82.5 |
| Mauritius § | 949 | 42.1 | 45.3 | 4.8 (6.5) | 15.6 | 3388 (1977, 5647) | 39.8 | 23 882 | 1.4 | 14.3 | >99.0 |
| Namibia | 944 | 32.7 | 53.6 | 11.2 (10.4) | 41.0 | 438 (140, 1264) | 77.4 | 10 064 | 3.4 | 30.7 | 84.3 |
| Nigeria | 1002 | 33.1 | 47.5 | 8.4 (8.6) | 45.9 | 437 (146, 1040) | 67.9 | 5363 | 5.4 | 74.2 | 77.6 |
| Senegal ¶ | 978 | 34.2 | 53.4 | 5.7 (8.1) | 43.9 | 524 (283, 920) | 59.3 | 3545 | 4.6 | 32.7 | 84.9 |
| South Africa | 981 | 34.9 | 51.2 | 7.1 (8.7) | 9.0 | 1277 (568, 3193) | 47.4 | 13 034 | 2.4 | 27.5 | 93.9 |
| Tanzania | 980 | 31.9 | 51.0 | 9.7 (10.1) | 34.0 | 400 (167, 999) | 47.8 | 2771 | 4.9 | 36.0 | 60.7 |
| Togo | 955 | 32.4 | 50.6 | 8.5 (8.6) | 51.9 | 373 (166, 646) | 74.9 | 1667 | 4.3 | 45.8 | 68.6 |
| Uganda | 939 | 30.0 | 53.2 | 8.6 (8.2) | 38.1 | 226 (30, 601) | 76.6 | 2284 | 5.0 | 33.4 | 55.9 |
| Zambia | 976 | 31.0 | 49.9 | 11.6 (9.1) | 57.8 | 769 (235, 1826) | 73.9 | 3624 | 4.6 | 42.4 | 65.4 |
| Zimbabwe | 974 | 34.4 | 49.5 | 11.5 (9.7) | 53.0 | ** | 82.2 | 2961 | 3.6 | 38.4 | 62.7 |
| North Africa | |||||||||||
| Algeria § | 996 | 36.3 | 48.4 | 7.8 (7.8) | 43.3 | 2779 (993, 4864) | 25.4 | 12 020 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 94.4 |
| Egypt § | 980 | 35.3 | 47.3 | 7.5 (8.6) | 37.2 | 1702 (946, 2624) | 46.3 | 12 284 | 3.3 | 17.3 | >99.0 |
| Morocco § | 955 | 37.4 | 50.8 | 4.2 (7.8) | 30.9 | 1135 (340, 2723) | 33.3 | 7826 | 2.4 | 18.3 | 90.4 |
| Tunisia § | 951 | 38.2 | 50.1 | 6.6 (7.8) | 60.7 | 2874 (1533, 6387) | 48.4 | 11 232 | 2.2 | 14.5 | 97.5 |
| Asia | |||||||||||
| Bangladesh | 1007 | 32.9 | 49.0 | 2.5 (7.0) | 13.9 | 991 (413, 1718) | 32.1 | 4964 | 2.0 | 25.6 | 97.7 |
| China | 3431 | 42.1 | 46.1 | 1.5 (3.8) | 21.0 | 6876 (2947, 14 734) | 30.1 | 16 804 | 1.7 | 6.8 | 94.3 |
| India †† | 12 349 | 35.9 | 48.2 | 4.2 (7.1) | 16.1 | 816 (389, 1632) | 52.1 | 6997 | 2.2 | 28.3 | 90.5 |
| Latin America | |||||||||||
| Brazil § | 990 | 38.7 | 51.9 | 4.7 (6.8) | 22.6 | 3331 (1582, 6246) | 31.1 | 15 300 | 1.7 | 12.4 | >99.0 |
| Guatemala § | 1101 | 34.8 | 48.9 | 6.9 (8.4) | 23.5 | 873 (277, 1872) | 53.9 | 9020 | 2.9 | 20.7 | 94.0 |
| Honduras | 927 | 33.2 | 52.5 | 12.2 (9.8) | 29.0 | 615 (231, 1475) | 72.2 | 5981 | 2.5 | 14.5 | 95.7 |
| Full sample‡‡ | 43 970 | 37.8 | 47.9 | 4.0 (7.0) | 22.9 | 1813 (567, 5787) | 42.9 | 7213 | 3.7 | 34.4 | 79.3 |
Note: All means, medians, SD, and proportions are weighted.
*Sample with complete IWISE data.
†Based on a reduced sample of 43 683.
‡Based on a reduced sample of 43 269.
§Countries that used both mobile and landlines (instead of just mobile) for telephone surveys.
¶Countries that conducted surveys exclusively face to face.
**Data on per capita household income data in Zimbabwe were considered missing due to inconsistencies in currencies used within the country in 2020.
††Surveys conducted face to face for 76.3% of respondents and by mobile telephone for the remaining respondents.
‡‡Descriptive statistics for Gallup World Poll variables among the full sample were calculated using projection weights (probability sampling weights divided by each country’s analytical sample size and multiplied by each country’s ≥15-year-old population size). Therefore, they represent the means and percentages of the overall ≥15-year-old population across these 31 low-income and middle-income countries.