Characteristics of mothers–newborns included in the final analysis for Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement Gestational Age study
| Bangladesh (N=1642) | Ghana (N=840) | Pakistan (N=2100) | Tanzania (N=2188) | Zambia (N=658) | |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Maternal age, n (%)* | |||||
| 15–19 | 234 (18.6) | 74 (8.8) | 132 (7.6) | 169 (7.8) | 193 (29.6) |
| 20–34 | 980 (77.9) | 631 (75.4) | 1439 (82.4) | 1590 (72.9) | 390 (59.7) |
| 35+ | 44 (3.5) | 132 (15.8) | 175 (10) | 422 (19.4) | 70 (10.7) |
| Maternal parity, mean (SD)† | 2.1 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.7 (2.1) | 3.8 (2.4) | 3.1 (2.1) |
| Maternal education, n (%)‡ | |||||
| None | 151 (9.6) | 228 (27.3) | 1048 (60) | 289 (13.3) | 12 (1.9) |
| 1–6 years | 698 (44.2) | 523 (62.6) | 278 (15.9) | 748 (34.3) | 53 (8.2) |
| 7–12 years | 721 (45.7) | 69 (8.3) | 408 (23.4) | 1118 (51.3) | 565 (87.6) |
| 13+ years | 9 (0.6) | 16 (19) | 12 (0.7) | 26 (1.2) | 15 (2.3) |
| Previous child death, n (%)§ | |||||
| ≥1 child death | 224 (19.4) | 152 (21.9) | 132 (9.4) | 274 (15.9) | 45 (14.5) |
| Previous preterm birth, n (%)¶ | 12 (1.1) | 11 (1.6) | 34 (2.2) | 28 (1.6) | 17 (3.3) |
| Clean cooking fuel, n (%)** | 16 (1) | 87 (10.4) | 1555 (89.1) | 322 (14.8) | 42 (6.5) |
| Improved latrine facility, n (%)†† | 1570 (96.5) | 663 (79.3) | 1638 (96.4) | 1605 (73.6) | 585 (90.1) |
| Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia during pregnancy, n (%)‡‡ | 2 (0.2) | 7 (0.8) | 9 (0.6) | 87 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Birth characteristics | |||||
| Health facility delivery, n (%)§§ | 699 (44.1) | 664 (79.1) | 1326 (63.1) | 2135 (99.9) | 602 (97.3) |
| Skilled birth attendant, n (%)¶¶ | 672 (42.4) | 652 (77.7) | 1427 (68) | 1570 (73.5) | 554 (91.7) |
| Type of delivery, n (%)*** | |||||
| Normal vaginal delivery | 1506 (94.7) | 739 (88.1) | 1786 (88.9) | 2064 (96.8) | 612 (96.8) |
| Assisted vaginal delivery | 26 (1.6) | 7 (0.8) | 30 (2) | 7 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
| C-section | 58 (3.7) | 93 (11.1) | 202 (10) | 62 (2.9) | 13 (3) |
| Low birth weight, n (%) | |||||
| (<2500 g) | 431 (26.3) | 98 (11.7) | 493 (23.5) | 101 (4.6) | 43 (6.5) |
| Small for gestational age, n (%) | 691 (42.1) | 275 (32.7) | 751 (35.8) | 206 (9.4) | 119 (18.1) |
Missing data are listed as (n=Bangladesh, Ghana, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zambia).
*Missing maternal age data (n=384, 3, 354, 7, 5).
†Missing parity data (n=48, 3, 163, 44, 212).
‡Missing maternal education data: (n=63, 4, 354, 7, 13).
§Missing previous child death data: (n=48, 3, 311, 109, 212).
¶Missing previous preterm birth data: (n=55, 3, 175, 109,79).
**Missing clean cooking fuel data: (n=51, 4, 354, 7, 10).
††Missing improved latrine facility data: (n=15, 4, 354, 7, 9).
‡‡Missing pre-eclampsia/eclampsia data: (n=388, 0, 664, 14, 5).
§§Missing health facility delivery data: (n=58, 1, 0, 51, 39).
¶¶Missing skilled birth attendant data: (n=58, 1, 0, 51, 54).
***Missing type of delivery data: (n=52, 1, 70, 51, 221).