Table 3

Associations between study arm and pneumonia*

Outcome	Observed Outcomes			Unadjusted GEE Logistic Regressions†				Adjusted GEE Logistic Regressions‡
Outcome	Control(n=464)	Improved biomass(n=483)	LPG(n=332)	Improved biomass		LPG		Improved biomass		LPG
Person-Time (child-weeks)	22 034	22 786	16 858	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value
Physician-Assessed Cases
Pneumonia	138	155	115	1.08 (0.85–1.40)	0.52	1.08 (0.82–1.40)	0.56	1.08 (0.84–1.39)	0.54	1.16 (0.88–1.54)	0.29
Severe Pneumonia	43	52	32	1.21 (0.78–1.90)	0.39	0.98 (0.58–1.70)	0.95	1.19 (0.74–1.91)	0.48	0.98 (0.58–1.65)	0.93
Physician- and Fieldworker-Assessed Cases§
Pneumonia	225	232	178	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.96	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.77	1.02 (0.84–1.25)	0.81	1.12 (0.91–1.40)	0.29
Severe Pneumonia	69	74	50	1.03 (0.73–1.47)	0.85	0.95 (0.65–1.38)	0.77	1.04 (0.72–1.50)	0.83	1.03 (0.71–1.51)	0.86

*Pneumonia and severe pneumonia in the first 12 months of life as defined by the WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness criteria
†Rate ratios comparing intervention arms to control derived from generalised estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression models with exchangeable correlation structure and robust SE estimate accounting for multiple observations per participant and the village-level intervention.
‡Rate ratios comparing intervention arms to control derived from GEE logistic regression models with exchangeable correlation structure and robust SE estimate accounting for multiple observations per participant and the village-level intervention, and adjusting for month of delivery, month of event, child sex, child age, and asset index.
§Physician- and fieldworker-assessed cases defined as physician-diagnosed pneumonia cases plus those diagnosed by a fieldworker in cases where the child did not receive a study physician assessment within 7 days.