Factors | Low birth weight | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||||
Total (N=1856) n | Yes (N=140) n (%) | No (N=1716) n (%) | cOR | 95% CI | Overall p value | aOR | 95% CI | Overall p value | |
Age, years | |||||||||
<25 | 628 | 57 (40.7) | 571 (33.3) | 1.38 | 0.97 to 1.96 | 0.08 | 0.83 | 0.52 to 1.30 | 0.41 |
≥25 | 1228 | 83 (59.3) | 1145 (66.7) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Education | |||||||||
No education | 399 | 36 (25.7) | 363 (21.2) | 1.69 | 1.01 to 2.84 | 0.21 | |||
Primary | 295 | 23 (16.4) | 272 (15.8) | 1.44 | 0.81 to 2.57 | ||||
Junior high | 674 | 54 (38.6) | 620 (36.1) | 1.49 | 0.92 to 2.40 | ||||
High school or above | 488 | 27 (19.3) | 461 (26.9) | 1 | |||||
Household SES | |||||||||
Most poor | 364 | 49 (35.0) | 315 (18.4) | 4.37 | 2.33 to 8.20 | <0.001 | 4.26 | 2.23 to 8.04 | <0.001 |
More poor | 369 | 31 (22.1) | 338 (19.7) | 2.58 | 1.33 to 5.00 | 2.51 | 1.28 to 4.93 | ||
Poor | 376 | 21 (15.0) | 355 (20.7) | 1.66 | 0.82 to 3.37 | 1.61 | 0.79 to 3.30 | ||
Less poor | 369 | 26 (18.6) | 343 (20.0) | 2.13 | 1.08 to 4.21 | 2.09 | 1.05 to 4.05 | ||
Least poor | 378 | 13 (9.3) | 365 (21.2) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Marital status | |||||||||
Married/married before | 1392 | 94 (67.2) | 1298 (75.64) | 1 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.27 | ||
Living together with man, unmarried | 259 | 24 (17.1) | 235 (13.69) | 1.41 | 0.88 to 2.25 | 1.46 | 0.90 to 2.38 | ||
Single, unmarried | 205 | 22 (15.7) | 183 (10.66) | 1.66 | 1.02 to 2.71 | 1.28 | 0.74 to 2.19 | ||
Gravidity | |||||||||
Primigravidae | 423 | 45 (32.1) | 378 (22.0) | 1.72 | 1.15 to 2.57 | 0.03 | 1.79 | 1.07 to 2.99 | 0.09 |
Secundigravidae | 460 | 32 (22.9) | 428 (25.0) | 1.08 | 0.70 to 1.68 | 1.20 | 0.74 to 1.95 | ||
Multigravidae | 973 | 63 (45.0) | 910 (53.0) | 1 | 1 | ||||
ITN use | |||||||||
No | 654 | 43 (30.7) | 611 (35.6) | 0.80 | 0.55 to 1.16 | 0.24 | |||
Yes | 1202 | 97 (69.3) | 1105 (64.4) | 1 | |||||
SP doses received | |||||||||
≤1 | 95 | 17 (12.1) | 78 (4.6) | 3.45 | 1.89 to 6.31 | <0.001 | 2.96 | 1.60 to 5.47 | 0.01 |
2 | 354 | 36 (25.7) | 318 (18.5) | 1.79 | 1.14 to 2.82 | 1.55 | 0.97 to 2.47 | ||
3 | 615 | 40 (28.6) | 575 (33.5) | 1.10 | 0.71 to 1.70 | 1.06 | 0.68 to 1.65 | ||
≥4 | 792 | 47 (33.6) | 745 (43.4) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Malaria treatment in past 2 weeks | |||||||||
No | 1638 | 124 (88.6) | 1514 (88.2) | 1 | 0.90 | ||||
Yes | 218 | 16 (11.4) | 202 (11.8) | 0.97 | 0.56 to 1.66 | ||||
Malaria treatment during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | 1311 | 100 (71.4) | 1211 (70.6) | 1 | 0.83 | ||||
Yes | 545 | 40 (28.6) | 505 (29.4) | 0.96 | 0.66 to 1.40 |
aOR, adjusted OR; cOR, crude OR; ITN, insecticide-treated bednet; SES, socioeconomic status; SP, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.