Items considered for analysis and items included in final item sets
| Items for initial analysis based on original community survey tool | Final item sets | ||
| Full length | Brief | ||
| Physical abuse | Pinched | X | X |
| Kicked | |||
| Slapped | X | X | |
| Punched | |||
| Hit | |||
| Gagged | |||
| Restrained to bed | X | X | |
| Forceful downward pressure on abdomen | X | X | |
| Verbal abuse | Shouted at | X | X |
| Insulted | X | ||
| Scolded | X | X | |
| Mocked | X | ||
| Hissed at | X | ||
| Negative comments about woman’s physical appearance * | |||
| Negative comments about baby’s physical appearance † | |||
| Negative comments about woman’s sexual activity | X | X | |
| Threatened with a medical procedure | X | ||
| Threatened with physical violence | |||
| Threatened with poor outcome | X | X | |
| Threatened with withheld care | X | ||
| Blamed for something that happened | X | ||
| Failure to meet professional standards of care | Lack of informed consent (any of four procedures) | X | X |
| During vaginal exam, private information shared so others could hear | X | ||
| Vaginal exam conducted in a way that other people could see | X | X | |
| Painful vaginal exams | X | ||
| Pain relief not provided appropriately ‡ | X | X | |
| Ignored by health workers§ | X | X | |
| Neglected by health workers§ | X | ||
| Felt a nuisance § | X | ||
| Waited long periods § | X | X | |
| Skilled birth attendant absent when baby born | X | X | |
| Poor rapport with healthcare workers | Healthcare worker not responsive to questions or concerns § | ||
| Lack of emotional support § | X | X | |
| Healthcare worker did not listen to concerns § | X | X | |
| Birth companion not allowed | X | X | |
| Lacked access to water or other fluids | X | ||
| Not allowed to eat | X | ||
| Not told could move during labour | X | X | |
| Not allowed to give birth in preferred position | X | ||
| Detained due to inability to pay bills | |||
| Health system conditions and constraints | Lack of privacy/curtains | X | X |
| No bed to self during labour | X | ||
| No bed to self during childbirth | X | ||
| No bed to self post partum | X | X¶ | |
| Shared a bed at any time | X | X | |
| Asked for a bribe | X | X | |
| Made to clean up after oneself | X | ||
*Weight, private parts, cleanliness or other parts of the woman’s body
†Appearance, sex or other aspects
‡Not offered, requested and not received, denied
§Categorical response options
¶Included for use in Ghana