Distribution of MDR iNTS and gyrA mutation (fluoroquinolone resistance) in the sampled countries in sub-Saharan Africa
| Serovars (number of isolates) n=166 | MDR iNTS isolates per serovar* | MDR iNTS serovar per country (%, number) | MDR iNTS per genotype (%, number) |
| Typhimurium (n=110) | 85% (94/110) | Burkina Faso (50, 6/12) | ST313 (95, 94/99) |
| Ghana (64, 85/133) | ST19 (0, 0/11) | ||
| Guinea-Bissau (22, 2/9) | |||
| Kenya (100, 1/1) | |||
| Enteritidis (n=30) | 23% (7/30) | Burkina Faso (33, 4/12) | ST11 (25, 7/28) |
| Ghana (2, 2/133) | |||
| Senegal (50, 1/2) | |||
| Dublin (n=18) | 6% (1/18) | Ghana (1, 1/133) | ST10 (6, 1/18) |
| Others (n=8) | 0% (0/8) | n.a. | n.a. |
| Countries (number of iNTS) | Number of MDR iNTS (n=102) | % of MDR iNTS | gyrA |
| Burkina Faso (n=12) | 10 | 10/12 (83) | 0 |
| Ghana (n=133) | 88 | 88/133 (66) | S83Y (ST313, 2 isolates) D87G (ST11, 6 isolates) D87Y (ST11, 2 isolates) D87N (ST11, 3 isolates) |
| Guinea-Bissau (n=9) | 2 | 2/9 (22) | 0 |
| Kenya (n=1) | 1 | 1/1 (100) | 0 |
| Senegal (n=2) | 1 | 1/2 (50) | 0 |
*Multidrug resistance (MDR) definition used for the analysis presence of resistant genes for at least one agent in all three antimicrobial categories listed below (detected in this study): ampicillin (blaCTX_M, blaOXA, blaTEM), chloramphenicol (catA1), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (sulfonamide (sul1, sul2) and trimethoprim (dfrA, dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA8)).
†Refer to table 1 for the number of iNTS isolates per country used as a denominator to calculate the % of MDR per country in this table.
‡The 2 MDR iNTS isolates with gyrA mutation (fluoroquinolone resistance) were yielded from a 1-year-old female infant and a 10-month-old female infant in Agogo in 2011 (TSAP: Typhoid Fever Surveillance Program).
§Spv locus was detected in all MDR iNTS isolates.
n.a., not available.