Predictors of dispensing antibiotics without a prescription
| Predictors | Interactions | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| Number of interactions in which antibiotic was dispensed N (%) n=342 | Total number of interactions n=495 | Or (95% CI) | P value | Or (95% CI) | P value | |
| District | ||||||
| Tabalong (rural district) | 99 (67.4%) | 147 | 1 | |||
| Bekasi (urban district) | 243 (69.8%) | 348 | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.0) | 0.786 | ||
| Type of drug outlets | ||||||
| Drugstore | 67 (50.4%) | 133 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Pharmacy attached to GP/specialist clinics | 83 (65.9%) | 126 | 2.4 (1.4 to 4.3) | 0.002 | 2.2 (1.2 to 3.9) | 0.007 |
| Standalone pharmacy | 192 (81.4%) | 236 | 7.4 (4.1 to 13.4) | <0.001 | 5.9 (3.2 to 10.8) | <0.001 |
| If a pharmacist or pharmacy technician was available during the visit | ||||||
| Yes | 98 (64.9%) | 151 | 1 | |||
| No or don’t know | 244 (70.9%) | 344 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) | 0.242 | ||
| Gender of drug outlet staff | ||||||
| Female | 264 (70.4%) | 375 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 0.348 | ||
| Male | 78 (65%) | 120 | 1 | |||
| Day or night visit | ||||||
| Day visit | 225 (67.2%) | 335 | 1 | |||
| Night visit | 117 (73.1%) | 160 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 0.261 | ||
| Case | ||||||
| Child diarrhoea | 78 (47.3%) | 165 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Presumptive TB | 133 (80.6%) | 165 | 4.6 (2.8 to 7.6) | <0.001 | 5.7 (3.0 to 10.8) | <0.001 |
| URTI | 131 (79.4%) | 165 | 4.3 (2.6 to 7.0) | <0.001 | 5.2 (2.7 to 9.8) | <0.001 |
Model calibration was adequate as assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p=0.48), with a sensitivity of 0.60, a specificity of 0.76, a positive predictive value of 0.85 and a negative predictive value of 0.46.